3.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 3.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
3.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 3.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

3(10) =

11(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031 × 2 = 0 + 0.842 599 999 999 999 127 453 520 486 596 971 750 259 399 414 062;
  • 2) 0.842 599 999 999 999 127 453 520 486 596 971 750 259 399 414 062 × 2 = 1 + 0.685 199 999 999 998 254 907 040 973 193 943 500 518 798 828 124;
  • 3) 0.685 199 999 999 998 254 907 040 973 193 943 500 518 798 828 124 × 2 = 1 + 0.370 399 999 999 996 509 814 081 946 387 887 001 037 597 656 248;
  • 4) 0.370 399 999 999 996 509 814 081 946 387 887 001 037 597 656 248 × 2 = 0 + 0.740 799 999 999 993 019 628 163 892 775 774 002 075 195 312 496;
  • 5) 0.740 799 999 999 993 019 628 163 892 775 774 002 075 195 312 496 × 2 = 1 + 0.481 599 999 999 986 039 256 327 785 551 548 004 150 390 624 992;
  • 6) 0.481 599 999 999 986 039 256 327 785 551 548 004 150 390 624 992 × 2 = 0 + 0.963 199 999 999 972 078 512 655 571 103 096 008 300 781 249 984;
  • 7) 0.963 199 999 999 972 078 512 655 571 103 096 008 300 781 249 984 × 2 = 1 + 0.926 399 999 999 944 157 025 311 142 206 192 016 601 562 499 968;
  • 8) 0.926 399 999 999 944 157 025 311 142 206 192 016 601 562 499 968 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 799 999 999 888 314 050 622 284 412 384 033 203 124 999 936;
  • 9) 0.852 799 999 999 888 314 050 622 284 412 384 033 203 124 999 936 × 2 = 1 + 0.705 599 999 999 776 628 101 244 568 824 768 066 406 249 999 872;
  • 10) 0.705 599 999 999 776 628 101 244 568 824 768 066 406 249 999 872 × 2 = 1 + 0.411 199 999 999 553 256 202 489 137 649 536 132 812 499 999 744;
  • 11) 0.411 199 999 999 553 256 202 489 137 649 536 132 812 499 999 744 × 2 = 0 + 0.822 399 999 999 106 512 404 978 275 299 072 265 624 999 999 488;
  • 12) 0.822 399 999 999 106 512 404 978 275 299 072 265 624 999 999 488 × 2 = 1 + 0.644 799 999 998 213 024 809 956 550 598 144 531 249 999 998 976;
  • 13) 0.644 799 999 998 213 024 809 956 550 598 144 531 249 999 998 976 × 2 = 1 + 0.289 599 999 996 426 049 619 913 101 196 289 062 499 999 997 952;
  • 14) 0.289 599 999 996 426 049 619 913 101 196 289 062 499 999 997 952 × 2 = 0 + 0.579 199 999 992 852 099 239 826 202 392 578 124 999 999 995 904;
  • 15) 0.579 199 999 992 852 099 239 826 202 392 578 124 999 999 995 904 × 2 = 1 + 0.158 399 999 985 704 198 479 652 404 785 156 249 999 999 991 808;
  • 16) 0.158 399 999 985 704 198 479 652 404 785 156 249 999 999 991 808 × 2 = 0 + 0.316 799 999 971 408 396 959 304 809 570 312 499 999 999 983 616;
  • 17) 0.316 799 999 971 408 396 959 304 809 570 312 499 999 999 983 616 × 2 = 0 + 0.633 599 999 942 816 793 918 609 619 140 624 999 999 999 967 232;
  • 18) 0.633 599 999 942 816 793 918 609 619 140 624 999 999 999 967 232 × 2 = 1 + 0.267 199 999 885 633 587 837 219 238 281 249 999 999 999 934 464;
  • 19) 0.267 199 999 885 633 587 837 219 238 281 249 999 999 999 934 464 × 2 = 0 + 0.534 399 999 771 267 175 674 438 476 562 499 999 999 999 868 928;
  • 20) 0.534 399 999 771 267 175 674 438 476 562 499 999 999 999 868 928 × 2 = 1 + 0.068 799 999 542 534 351 348 876 953 124 999 999 999 999 737 856;
  • 21) 0.068 799 999 542 534 351 348 876 953 124 999 999 999 999 737 856 × 2 = 0 + 0.137 599 999 085 068 702 697 753 906 249 999 999 999 999 475 712;
  • 22) 0.137 599 999 085 068 702 697 753 906 249 999 999 999 999 475 712 × 2 = 0 + 0.275 199 998 170 137 405 395 507 812 499 999 999 999 998 951 424;
  • 23) 0.275 199 998 170 137 405 395 507 812 499 999 999 999 998 951 424 × 2 = 0 + 0.550 399 996 340 274 810 791 015 624 999 999 999 999 997 902 848;
  • 24) 0.550 399 996 340 274 810 791 015 624 999 999 999 999 997 902 848 × 2 = 1 + 0.100 799 992 680 549 621 582 031 249 999 999 999 999 995 805 696;
  • 25) 0.100 799 992 680 549 621 582 031 249 999 999 999 999 995 805 696 × 2 = 0 + 0.201 599 985 361 099 243 164 062 499 999 999 999 999 991 611 392;
  • 26) 0.201 599 985 361 099 243 164 062 499 999 999 999 999 991 611 392 × 2 = 0 + 0.403 199 970 722 198 486 328 124 999 999 999 999 999 983 222 784;
  • 27) 0.403 199 970 722 198 486 328 124 999 999 999 999 999 983 222 784 × 2 = 0 + 0.806 399 941 444 396 972 656 249 999 999 999 999 999 966 445 568;
  • 28) 0.806 399 941 444 396 972 656 249 999 999 999 999 999 966 445 568 × 2 = 1 + 0.612 799 882 888 793 945 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 932 891 136;
  • 29) 0.612 799 882 888 793 945 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 932 891 136 × 2 = 1 + 0.225 599 765 777 587 890 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 865 782 272;
  • 30) 0.225 599 765 777 587 890 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 865 782 272 × 2 = 0 + 0.451 199 531 555 175 781 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 731 564 544;
  • 31) 0.451 199 531 555 175 781 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 731 564 544 × 2 = 0 + 0.902 399 063 110 351 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 463 129 088;
  • 32) 0.902 399 063 110 351 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 463 129 088 × 2 = 1 + 0.804 798 126 220 703 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 926 258 176;
  • 33) 0.804 798 126 220 703 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 926 258 176 × 2 = 1 + 0.609 596 252 441 406 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 852 516 352;
  • 34) 0.609 596 252 441 406 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 852 516 352 × 2 = 1 + 0.219 192 504 882 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 705 032 704;
  • 35) 0.219 192 504 882 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 705 032 704 × 2 = 0 + 0.438 385 009 765 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 991 410 065 408;
  • 36) 0.438 385 009 765 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 991 410 065 408 × 2 = 0 + 0.876 770 019 531 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 982 820 130 816;
  • 37) 0.876 770 019 531 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 982 820 130 816 × 2 = 1 + 0.753 540 039 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 965 640 261 632;
  • 38) 0.753 540 039 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 965 640 261 632 × 2 = 1 + 0.507 080 078 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 931 280 523 264;
  • 39) 0.507 080 078 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 931 280 523 264 × 2 = 1 + 0.014 160 156 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 862 561 046 528;
  • 40) 0.014 160 156 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 862 561 046 528 × 2 = 0 + 0.028 320 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 725 122 093 056;
  • 41) 0.028 320 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 725 122 093 056 × 2 = 0 + 0.056 640 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 450 244 186 112;
  • 42) 0.056 640 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 450 244 186 112 × 2 = 0 + 0.113 281 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 900 488 372 224;
  • 43) 0.113 281 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 900 488 372 224 × 2 = 0 + 0.226 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 800 976 744 448;
  • 44) 0.226 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 800 976 744 448 × 2 = 0 + 0.453 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 601 953 488 896;
  • 45) 0.453 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 995 601 953 488 896 × 2 = 0 + 0.906 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 991 203 906 977 792;
  • 46) 0.906 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 991 203 906 977 792 × 2 = 1 + 0.812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 982 407 813 955 584;
  • 47) 0.812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 982 407 813 955 584 × 2 = 1 + 0.624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 964 815 627 911 168;
  • 48) 0.624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 964 815 627 911 168 × 2 = 1 + 0.249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 929 631 255 822 336;
  • 49) 0.249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 929 631 255 822 336 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 859 262 511 644 672;
  • 50) 0.499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 859 262 511 644 672 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 718 525 023 289 344;
  • 51) 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 718 525 023 289 344 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 437 050 046 578 688;
  • 52) 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 437 050 046 578 688 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 874 100 093 157 376;
  • 53) 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 874 100 093 157 376 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 997 748 200 186 314 752;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031(10) =

0.0110 1011 1101 1010 0101 0001 0001 1001 1100 1110 0000 0111 0011 1(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

3.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031(10) =

11.0110 1011 1101 1010 0101 0001 0001 1001 1100 1110 0000 0111 0011 1(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 1 positions to the left, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


3.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031(10) =

11.0110 1011 1101 1010 0101 0001 0001 1001 1100 1110 0000 0111 0011 1(2) =

11.0110 1011 1101 1010 0101 0001 0001 1001 1100 1110 0000 0111 0011 1(2) × 20 =

1.1011 0101 1110 1101 0010 1000 1000 1100 1110 0111 0000 0011 1001 11(2) × 21


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): 1

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1011 0101 1110 1101 0010 1000 1000 1100 1110 0111 0000 0011 1001 11


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

1 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(1 + 1 023)(10) =

1 024(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 1 024 ÷ 2 = 512 + 0;
  • 512 ÷ 2 = 256 + 0;
  • 256 ÷ 2 = 128 + 0;
  • 128 ÷ 2 = 64 + 0;
  • 64 ÷ 2 = 32 + 0;
  • 32 ÷ 2 = 16 + 0;
  • 16 ÷ 2 = 8 + 0;
  • 8 ÷ 2 = 4 + 0;
  • 4 ÷ 2 = 2 + 0;
  • 2 ÷ 2 = 1 + 0;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

1024(10) =

100 0000 0000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (if any of the excess bits is set on 1, we are losing precision...).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1011 0101 1110 1101 0010 1000 1000 1100 1110 0111 0000 0011 1001 11 =

1011 0101 1110 1101 0010 1000 1000 1100 1110 0111 0000 0011 1001


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
100 0000 0000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1011 0101 1110 1101 0010 1000 1000 1100 1110 0111 0000 0011 1001


Decimal number 3.421 299 999 999 999 563 726 760 243 298 485 875 129 699 707 031 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 100 0000 0000 - 1011 0101 1110 1101 0010 1000 1000 1100 1110 0111 0000 0011 1001

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100