24.777 777 777 777 71 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 24.777 777 777 777 71(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
24.777 777 777 777 71(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 24.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 24 ÷ 2 = 12 + 0;
  • 12 ÷ 2 = 6 + 0;
  • 6 ÷ 2 = 3 + 0;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

24(10) =

1 1000(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.777 777 777 777 71.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.777 777 777 777 71 × 2 = 1 + 0.555 555 555 555 42;
  • 2) 0.555 555 555 555 42 × 2 = 1 + 0.111 111 111 110 84;
  • 3) 0.111 111 111 110 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.222 222 222 221 68;
  • 4) 0.222 222 222 221 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.444 444 444 443 36;
  • 5) 0.444 444 444 443 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.888 888 888 886 72;
  • 6) 0.888 888 888 886 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.777 777 777 773 44;
  • 7) 0.777 777 777 773 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.555 555 555 546 88;
  • 8) 0.555 555 555 546 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.111 111 111 093 76;
  • 9) 0.111 111 111 093 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.222 222 222 187 52;
  • 10) 0.222 222 222 187 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.444 444 444 375 04;
  • 11) 0.444 444 444 375 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.888 888 888 750 08;
  • 12) 0.888 888 888 750 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.777 777 777 500 16;
  • 13) 0.777 777 777 500 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.555 555 555 000 32;
  • 14) 0.555 555 555 000 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.111 111 110 000 64;
  • 15) 0.111 111 110 000 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.222 222 220 001 28;
  • 16) 0.222 222 220 001 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.444 444 440 002 56;
  • 17) 0.444 444 440 002 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.888 888 880 005 12;
  • 18) 0.888 888 880 005 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.777 777 760 010 24;
  • 19) 0.777 777 760 010 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.555 555 520 020 48;
  • 20) 0.555 555 520 020 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.111 111 040 040 96;
  • 21) 0.111 111 040 040 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.222 222 080 081 92;
  • 22) 0.222 222 080 081 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.444 444 160 163 84;
  • 23) 0.444 444 160 163 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.888 888 320 327 68;
  • 24) 0.888 888 320 327 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.777 776 640 655 36;
  • 25) 0.777 776 640 655 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.555 553 281 310 72;
  • 26) 0.555 553 281 310 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.111 106 562 621 44;
  • 27) 0.111 106 562 621 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.222 213 125 242 88;
  • 28) 0.222 213 125 242 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.444 426 250 485 76;
  • 29) 0.444 426 250 485 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.888 852 500 971 52;
  • 30) 0.888 852 500 971 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.777 705 001 943 04;
  • 31) 0.777 705 001 943 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.555 410 003 886 08;
  • 32) 0.555 410 003 886 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.110 820 007 772 16;
  • 33) 0.110 820 007 772 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.221 640 015 544 32;
  • 34) 0.221 640 015 544 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.443 280 031 088 64;
  • 35) 0.443 280 031 088 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.886 560 062 177 28;
  • 36) 0.886 560 062 177 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.773 120 124 354 56;
  • 37) 0.773 120 124 354 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.546 240 248 709 12;
  • 38) 0.546 240 248 709 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.092 480 497 418 24;
  • 39) 0.092 480 497 418 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.184 960 994 836 48;
  • 40) 0.184 960 994 836 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.369 921 989 672 96;
  • 41) 0.369 921 989 672 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.739 843 979 345 92;
  • 42) 0.739 843 979 345 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.479 687 958 691 84;
  • 43) 0.479 687 958 691 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.959 375 917 383 68;
  • 44) 0.959 375 917 383 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.918 751 834 767 36;
  • 45) 0.918 751 834 767 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.837 503 669 534 72;
  • 46) 0.837 503 669 534 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.675 007 339 069 44;
  • 47) 0.675 007 339 069 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.350 014 678 138 88;
  • 48) 0.350 014 678 138 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.700 029 356 277 76;
  • 49) 0.700 029 356 277 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.400 058 712 555 52;
  • 50) 0.400 058 712 555 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.800 117 425 111 04;
  • 51) 0.800 117 425 111 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.600 234 850 222 08;
  • 52) 0.600 234 850 222 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.200 469 700 444 16;
  • 53) 0.200 469 700 444 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.400 939 400 888 32;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.777 777 777 777 71(10) =

0.1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110 1011 0(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

24.777 777 777 777 71(10) =

1 1000.1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110 1011 0(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 4 positions to the left, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


24.777 777 777 777 71(10) =

1 1000.1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110 1011 0(2) =

1 1000.1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110 1011 0(2) × 20 =

1.1000 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110 1011 0(2) × 24


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): 4

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1000 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110 1011 0


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

4 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(4 + 1 023)(10) =

1 027(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 1 027 ÷ 2 = 513 + 1;
  • 513 ÷ 2 = 256 + 1;
  • 256 ÷ 2 = 128 + 0;
  • 128 ÷ 2 = 64 + 0;
  • 64 ÷ 2 = 32 + 0;
  • 32 ÷ 2 = 16 + 0;
  • 16 ÷ 2 = 8 + 0;
  • 8 ÷ 2 = 4 + 0;
  • 4 ÷ 2 = 2 + 0;
  • 2 ÷ 2 = 1 + 0;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

1027(10) =

100 0000 0011(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (if any of the excess bits is set on 1, we are losing precision...).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1000 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110 1 0110 =

1000 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
100 0000 0011

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1000 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110


Decimal number 24.777 777 777 777 71 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 100 0000 0011 - 1000 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0111 0001 1100 0101 1110

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100