0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 041 661 458 643 342 410 269 998 309 021 2;
  • 2) 0.000 041 661 458 643 342 410 269 998 309 021 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 083 322 917 286 684 820 539 996 618 042 4;
  • 3) 0.000 083 322 917 286 684 820 539 996 618 042 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 166 645 834 573 369 641 079 993 236 084 8;
  • 4) 0.000 166 645 834 573 369 641 079 993 236 084 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 333 291 669 146 739 282 159 986 472 169 6;
  • 5) 0.000 333 291 669 146 739 282 159 986 472 169 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 666 583 338 293 478 564 319 972 944 339 2;
  • 6) 0.000 666 583 338 293 478 564 319 972 944 339 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 333 166 676 586 957 128 639 945 888 678 4;
  • 7) 0.001 333 166 676 586 957 128 639 945 888 678 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.002 666 333 353 173 914 257 279 891 777 356 8;
  • 8) 0.002 666 333 353 173 914 257 279 891 777 356 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.005 332 666 706 347 828 514 559 783 554 713 6;
  • 9) 0.005 332 666 706 347 828 514 559 783 554 713 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.010 665 333 412 695 657 029 119 567 109 427 2;
  • 10) 0.010 665 333 412 695 657 029 119 567 109 427 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.021 330 666 825 391 314 058 239 134 218 854 4;
  • 11) 0.021 330 666 825 391 314 058 239 134 218 854 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.042 661 333 650 782 628 116 478 268 437 708 8;
  • 12) 0.042 661 333 650 782 628 116 478 268 437 708 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.085 322 667 301 565 256 232 956 536 875 417 6;
  • 13) 0.085 322 667 301 565 256 232 956 536 875 417 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.170 645 334 603 130 512 465 913 073 750 835 2;
  • 14) 0.170 645 334 603 130 512 465 913 073 750 835 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.341 290 669 206 261 024 931 826 147 501 670 4;
  • 15) 0.341 290 669 206 261 024 931 826 147 501 670 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 581 338 412 522 049 863 652 295 003 340 8;
  • 16) 0.682 581 338 412 522 049 863 652 295 003 340 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 162 676 825 044 099 727 304 590 006 681 6;
  • 17) 0.365 162 676 825 044 099 727 304 590 006 681 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.730 325 353 650 088 199 454 609 180 013 363 2;
  • 18) 0.730 325 353 650 088 199 454 609 180 013 363 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.460 650 707 300 176 398 909 218 360 026 726 4;
  • 19) 0.460 650 707 300 176 398 909 218 360 026 726 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.921 301 414 600 352 797 818 436 720 053 452 8;
  • 20) 0.921 301 414 600 352 797 818 436 720 053 452 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.842 602 829 200 705 595 636 873 440 106 905 6;
  • 21) 0.842 602 829 200 705 595 636 873 440 106 905 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.685 205 658 401 411 191 273 746 880 213 811 2;
  • 22) 0.685 205 658 401 411 191 273 746 880 213 811 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.370 411 316 802 822 382 547 493 760 427 622 4;
  • 23) 0.370 411 316 802 822 382 547 493 760 427 622 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.740 822 633 605 644 765 094 987 520 855 244 8;
  • 24) 0.740 822 633 605 644 765 094 987 520 855 244 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.481 645 267 211 289 530 189 975 041 710 489 6;
  • 25) 0.481 645 267 211 289 530 189 975 041 710 489 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.963 290 534 422 579 060 379 950 083 420 979 2;
  • 26) 0.963 290 534 422 579 060 379 950 083 420 979 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.926 581 068 845 158 120 759 900 166 841 958 4;
  • 27) 0.926 581 068 845 158 120 759 900 166 841 958 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.853 162 137 690 316 241 519 800 333 683 916 8;
  • 28) 0.853 162 137 690 316 241 519 800 333 683 916 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.706 324 275 380 632 483 039 600 667 367 833 6;
  • 29) 0.706 324 275 380 632 483 039 600 667 367 833 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.412 648 550 761 264 966 079 201 334 735 667 2;
  • 30) 0.412 648 550 761 264 966 079 201 334 735 667 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.825 297 101 522 529 932 158 402 669 471 334 4;
  • 31) 0.825 297 101 522 529 932 158 402 669 471 334 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.650 594 203 045 059 864 316 805 338 942 668 8;
  • 32) 0.650 594 203 045 059 864 316 805 338 942 668 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.301 188 406 090 119 728 633 610 677 885 337 6;
  • 33) 0.301 188 406 090 119 728 633 610 677 885 337 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.602 376 812 180 239 457 267 221 355 770 675 2;
  • 34) 0.602 376 812 180 239 457 267 221 355 770 675 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.204 753 624 360 478 914 534 442 711 541 350 4;
  • 35) 0.204 753 624 360 478 914 534 442 711 541 350 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.409 507 248 720 957 829 068 885 423 082 700 8;
  • 36) 0.409 507 248 720 957 829 068 885 423 082 700 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.819 014 497 441 915 658 137 770 846 165 401 6;
  • 37) 0.819 014 497 441 915 658 137 770 846 165 401 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.638 028 994 883 831 316 275 541 692 330 803 2;
  • 38) 0.638 028 994 883 831 316 275 541 692 330 803 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.276 057 989 767 662 632 551 083 384 661 606 4;
  • 39) 0.276 057 989 767 662 632 551 083 384 661 606 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.552 115 979 535 325 265 102 166 769 323 212 8;
  • 40) 0.552 115 979 535 325 265 102 166 769 323 212 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.104 231 959 070 650 530 204 333 538 646 425 6;
  • 41) 0.104 231 959 070 650 530 204 333 538 646 425 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.208 463 918 141 301 060 408 667 077 292 851 2;
  • 42) 0.208 463 918 141 301 060 408 667 077 292 851 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.416 927 836 282 602 120 817 334 154 585 702 4;
  • 43) 0.416 927 836 282 602 120 817 334 154 585 702 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.833 855 672 565 204 241 634 668 309 171 404 8;
  • 44) 0.833 855 672 565 204 241 634 668 309 171 404 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.667 711 345 130 408 483 269 336 618 342 809 6;
  • 45) 0.667 711 345 130 408 483 269 336 618 342 809 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.335 422 690 260 816 966 538 673 236 685 619 2;
  • 46) 0.335 422 690 260 816 966 538 673 236 685 619 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 845 380 521 633 933 077 346 473 371 238 4;
  • 47) 0.670 845 380 521 633 933 077 346 473 371 238 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 690 761 043 267 866 154 692 946 742 476 8;
  • 48) 0.341 690 761 043 267 866 154 692 946 742 476 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.683 381 522 086 535 732 309 385 893 484 953 6;
  • 49) 0.683 381 522 086 535 732 309 385 893 484 953 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.366 763 044 173 071 464 618 771 786 969 907 2;
  • 50) 0.366 763 044 173 071 464 618 771 786 969 907 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.733 526 088 346 142 929 237 543 573 939 814 4;
  • 51) 0.733 526 088 346 142 929 237 543 573 939 814 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.467 052 176 692 285 858 475 087 147 879 628 8;
  • 52) 0.467 052 176 692 285 858 475 087 147 879 628 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.934 104 353 384 571 716 950 174 295 759 257 6;
  • 53) 0.934 104 353 384 571 716 950 174 295 759 257 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.868 208 706 769 143 433 900 348 591 518 515 2;
  • 54) 0.868 208 706 769 143 433 900 348 591 518 515 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.736 417 413 538 286 867 800 697 183 037 030 4;
  • 55) 0.736 417 413 538 286 867 800 697 183 037 030 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.472 834 827 076 573 735 601 394 366 074 060 8;
  • 56) 0.472 834 827 076 573 735 601 394 366 074 060 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.945 669 654 153 147 471 202 788 732 148 121 6;
  • 57) 0.945 669 654 153 147 471 202 788 732 148 121 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.891 339 308 306 294 942 405 577 464 296 243 2;
  • 58) 0.891 339 308 306 294 942 405 577 464 296 243 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.782 678 616 612 589 884 811 154 928 592 486 4;
  • 59) 0.782 678 616 612 589 884 811 154 928 592 486 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.565 357 233 225 179 769 622 309 857 184 972 8;
  • 60) 0.565 357 233 225 179 769 622 309 857 184 972 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 714 466 450 359 539 244 619 714 369 945 6;
  • 61) 0.130 714 466 450 359 539 244 619 714 369 945 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.261 428 932 900 719 078 489 239 428 739 891 2;
  • 62) 0.261 428 932 900 719 078 489 239 428 739 891 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.522 857 865 801 438 156 978 478 857 479 782 4;
  • 63) 0.522 857 865 801 438 156 978 478 857 479 782 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.045 715 731 602 876 313 956 957 714 959 564 8;
  • 64) 0.045 715 731 602 876 313 956 957 714 959 564 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.091 431 463 205 752 627 913 915 429 919 129 6;
  • 65) 0.091 431 463 205 752 627 913 915 429 919 129 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.182 862 926 411 505 255 827 830 859 838 259 2;
  • 66) 0.182 862 926 411 505 255 827 830 859 838 259 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.365 725 852 823 010 511 655 661 719 676 518 4;
  • 67) 0.365 725 852 823 010 511 655 661 719 676 518 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 451 705 646 021 023 311 323 439 353 036 8;
  • 68) 0.731 451 705 646 021 023 311 323 439 353 036 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.462 903 411 292 042 046 622 646 878 706 073 6;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 16 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2) × 20 =

1.0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2) × 2-16


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -16

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-16 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-16 + 1 023)(10) =

1 007(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 1 007 ÷ 2 = 503 + 1;
  • 503 ÷ 2 = 251 + 1;
  • 251 ÷ 2 = 125 + 1;
  • 125 ÷ 2 = 62 + 1;
  • 62 ÷ 2 = 31 + 0;
  • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

1007(10) =

011 1110 1111(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001 =

0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1110 1111

Mantissa (52 bits) =
0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001


Decimal number 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 510 6 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1110 1111 - 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100