0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 041 661 458 643 342 410 269 998 309 016 14;
  • 2) 0.000 041 661 458 643 342 410 269 998 309 016 14 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 083 322 917 286 684 820 539 996 618 032 28;
  • 3) 0.000 083 322 917 286 684 820 539 996 618 032 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 166 645 834 573 369 641 079 993 236 064 56;
  • 4) 0.000 166 645 834 573 369 641 079 993 236 064 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 333 291 669 146 739 282 159 986 472 129 12;
  • 5) 0.000 333 291 669 146 739 282 159 986 472 129 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 666 583 338 293 478 564 319 972 944 258 24;
  • 6) 0.000 666 583 338 293 478 564 319 972 944 258 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 333 166 676 586 957 128 639 945 888 516 48;
  • 7) 0.001 333 166 676 586 957 128 639 945 888 516 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.002 666 333 353 173 914 257 279 891 777 032 96;
  • 8) 0.002 666 333 353 173 914 257 279 891 777 032 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.005 332 666 706 347 828 514 559 783 554 065 92;
  • 9) 0.005 332 666 706 347 828 514 559 783 554 065 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.010 665 333 412 695 657 029 119 567 108 131 84;
  • 10) 0.010 665 333 412 695 657 029 119 567 108 131 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.021 330 666 825 391 314 058 239 134 216 263 68;
  • 11) 0.021 330 666 825 391 314 058 239 134 216 263 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.042 661 333 650 782 628 116 478 268 432 527 36;
  • 12) 0.042 661 333 650 782 628 116 478 268 432 527 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.085 322 667 301 565 256 232 956 536 865 054 72;
  • 13) 0.085 322 667 301 565 256 232 956 536 865 054 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.170 645 334 603 130 512 465 913 073 730 109 44;
  • 14) 0.170 645 334 603 130 512 465 913 073 730 109 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.341 290 669 206 261 024 931 826 147 460 218 88;
  • 15) 0.341 290 669 206 261 024 931 826 147 460 218 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 581 338 412 522 049 863 652 294 920 437 76;
  • 16) 0.682 581 338 412 522 049 863 652 294 920 437 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 162 676 825 044 099 727 304 589 840 875 52;
  • 17) 0.365 162 676 825 044 099 727 304 589 840 875 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.730 325 353 650 088 199 454 609 179 681 751 04;
  • 18) 0.730 325 353 650 088 199 454 609 179 681 751 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.460 650 707 300 176 398 909 218 359 363 502 08;
  • 19) 0.460 650 707 300 176 398 909 218 359 363 502 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.921 301 414 600 352 797 818 436 718 727 004 16;
  • 20) 0.921 301 414 600 352 797 818 436 718 727 004 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.842 602 829 200 705 595 636 873 437 454 008 32;
  • 21) 0.842 602 829 200 705 595 636 873 437 454 008 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.685 205 658 401 411 191 273 746 874 908 016 64;
  • 22) 0.685 205 658 401 411 191 273 746 874 908 016 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.370 411 316 802 822 382 547 493 749 816 033 28;
  • 23) 0.370 411 316 802 822 382 547 493 749 816 033 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.740 822 633 605 644 765 094 987 499 632 066 56;
  • 24) 0.740 822 633 605 644 765 094 987 499 632 066 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.481 645 267 211 289 530 189 974 999 264 133 12;
  • 25) 0.481 645 267 211 289 530 189 974 999 264 133 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.963 290 534 422 579 060 379 949 998 528 266 24;
  • 26) 0.963 290 534 422 579 060 379 949 998 528 266 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.926 581 068 845 158 120 759 899 997 056 532 48;
  • 27) 0.926 581 068 845 158 120 759 899 997 056 532 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.853 162 137 690 316 241 519 799 994 113 064 96;
  • 28) 0.853 162 137 690 316 241 519 799 994 113 064 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.706 324 275 380 632 483 039 599 988 226 129 92;
  • 29) 0.706 324 275 380 632 483 039 599 988 226 129 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.412 648 550 761 264 966 079 199 976 452 259 84;
  • 30) 0.412 648 550 761 264 966 079 199 976 452 259 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.825 297 101 522 529 932 158 399 952 904 519 68;
  • 31) 0.825 297 101 522 529 932 158 399 952 904 519 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.650 594 203 045 059 864 316 799 905 809 039 36;
  • 32) 0.650 594 203 045 059 864 316 799 905 809 039 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.301 188 406 090 119 728 633 599 811 618 078 72;
  • 33) 0.301 188 406 090 119 728 633 599 811 618 078 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.602 376 812 180 239 457 267 199 623 236 157 44;
  • 34) 0.602 376 812 180 239 457 267 199 623 236 157 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.204 753 624 360 478 914 534 399 246 472 314 88;
  • 35) 0.204 753 624 360 478 914 534 399 246 472 314 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.409 507 248 720 957 829 068 798 492 944 629 76;
  • 36) 0.409 507 248 720 957 829 068 798 492 944 629 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.819 014 497 441 915 658 137 596 985 889 259 52;
  • 37) 0.819 014 497 441 915 658 137 596 985 889 259 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.638 028 994 883 831 316 275 193 971 778 519 04;
  • 38) 0.638 028 994 883 831 316 275 193 971 778 519 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.276 057 989 767 662 632 550 387 943 557 038 08;
  • 39) 0.276 057 989 767 662 632 550 387 943 557 038 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.552 115 979 535 325 265 100 775 887 114 076 16;
  • 40) 0.552 115 979 535 325 265 100 775 887 114 076 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.104 231 959 070 650 530 201 551 774 228 152 32;
  • 41) 0.104 231 959 070 650 530 201 551 774 228 152 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.208 463 918 141 301 060 403 103 548 456 304 64;
  • 42) 0.208 463 918 141 301 060 403 103 548 456 304 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.416 927 836 282 602 120 806 207 096 912 609 28;
  • 43) 0.416 927 836 282 602 120 806 207 096 912 609 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.833 855 672 565 204 241 612 414 193 825 218 56;
  • 44) 0.833 855 672 565 204 241 612 414 193 825 218 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.667 711 345 130 408 483 224 828 387 650 437 12;
  • 45) 0.667 711 345 130 408 483 224 828 387 650 437 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.335 422 690 260 816 966 449 656 775 300 874 24;
  • 46) 0.335 422 690 260 816 966 449 656 775 300 874 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 845 380 521 633 932 899 313 550 601 748 48;
  • 47) 0.670 845 380 521 633 932 899 313 550 601 748 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 690 761 043 267 865 798 627 101 203 496 96;
  • 48) 0.341 690 761 043 267 865 798 627 101 203 496 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.683 381 522 086 535 731 597 254 202 406 993 92;
  • 49) 0.683 381 522 086 535 731 597 254 202 406 993 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.366 763 044 173 071 463 194 508 404 813 987 84;
  • 50) 0.366 763 044 173 071 463 194 508 404 813 987 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.733 526 088 346 142 926 389 016 809 627 975 68;
  • 51) 0.733 526 088 346 142 926 389 016 809 627 975 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.467 052 176 692 285 852 778 033 619 255 951 36;
  • 52) 0.467 052 176 692 285 852 778 033 619 255 951 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.934 104 353 384 571 705 556 067 238 511 902 72;
  • 53) 0.934 104 353 384 571 705 556 067 238 511 902 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.868 208 706 769 143 411 112 134 477 023 805 44;
  • 54) 0.868 208 706 769 143 411 112 134 477 023 805 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.736 417 413 538 286 822 224 268 954 047 610 88;
  • 55) 0.736 417 413 538 286 822 224 268 954 047 610 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.472 834 827 076 573 644 448 537 908 095 221 76;
  • 56) 0.472 834 827 076 573 644 448 537 908 095 221 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.945 669 654 153 147 288 897 075 816 190 443 52;
  • 57) 0.945 669 654 153 147 288 897 075 816 190 443 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.891 339 308 306 294 577 794 151 632 380 887 04;
  • 58) 0.891 339 308 306 294 577 794 151 632 380 887 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.782 678 616 612 589 155 588 303 264 761 774 08;
  • 59) 0.782 678 616 612 589 155 588 303 264 761 774 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.565 357 233 225 178 311 176 606 529 523 548 16;
  • 60) 0.565 357 233 225 178 311 176 606 529 523 548 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 714 466 450 356 622 353 213 059 047 096 32;
  • 61) 0.130 714 466 450 356 622 353 213 059 047 096 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.261 428 932 900 713 244 706 426 118 094 192 64;
  • 62) 0.261 428 932 900 713 244 706 426 118 094 192 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.522 857 865 801 426 489 412 852 236 188 385 28;
  • 63) 0.522 857 865 801 426 489 412 852 236 188 385 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.045 715 731 602 852 978 825 704 472 376 770 56;
  • 64) 0.045 715 731 602 852 978 825 704 472 376 770 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.091 431 463 205 705 957 651 408 944 753 541 12;
  • 65) 0.091 431 463 205 705 957 651 408 944 753 541 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.182 862 926 411 411 915 302 817 889 507 082 24;
  • 66) 0.182 862 926 411 411 915 302 817 889 507 082 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.365 725 852 822 823 830 605 635 779 014 164 48;
  • 67) 0.365 725 852 822 823 830 605 635 779 014 164 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 451 705 645 647 661 211 271 558 028 328 96;
  • 68) 0.731 451 705 645 647 661 211 271 558 028 328 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.462 903 411 291 295 322 422 543 116 056 657 92;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 16 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0001 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2) × 20 =

1.0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001(2) × 2-16


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -16

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-16 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-16 + 1 023)(10) =

1 007(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 1 007 ÷ 2 = 503 + 1;
  • 503 ÷ 2 = 251 + 1;
  • 251 ÷ 2 = 125 + 1;
  • 125 ÷ 2 = 62 + 1;
  • 62 ÷ 2 = 31 + 0;
  • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

1007(10) =

011 1110 1111(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001 =

0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1110 1111

Mantissa (52 bits) =
0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001


Decimal number 0.000 020 830 729 321 671 205 134 999 154 508 07 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1110 1111 - 0101 1101 0111 1011 0100 1101 0001 1010 1010 1110 1111 0010 0001

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100