0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 089 6;
  • 2) 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 089 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 179 2;
  • 3) 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 179 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 358 4;
  • 4) 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 358 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 716 8;
  • 5) 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 716 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 617 433 6;
  • 6) 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 617 433 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 234 867 2;
  • 7) 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 234 867 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 469 734 4;
  • 8) 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 469 734 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 939 468 8;
  • 9) 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 939 468 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 878 937 6;
  • 10) 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 878 937 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 757 875 2;
  • 11) 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 757 875 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 515 750 4;
  • 12) 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 515 750 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 639 031 500 8;
  • 13) 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 639 031 500 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 278 063 001 6;
  • 14) 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 278 063 001 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 556 126 003 2;
  • 15) 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 556 126 003 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 112 252 006 4;
  • 16) 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 112 252 006 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 224 504 012 8;
  • 17) 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 224 504 012 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 449 008 025 6;
  • 18) 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 449 008 025 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 898 016 051 2;
  • 19) 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 898 016 051 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 796 032 102 4;
  • 20) 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 796 032 102 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 592 064 204 8;
  • 21) 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 592 064 204 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 184 128 409 6;
  • 22) 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 184 128 409 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 368 256 819 2;
  • 23) 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 368 256 819 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 736 513 638 4;
  • 24) 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 736 513 638 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 473 027 276 8;
  • 25) 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 473 027 276 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 946 054 553 6;
  • 26) 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 946 054 553 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 293 892 109 107 2;
  • 27) 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 293 892 109 107 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 587 784 218 214 4;
  • 28) 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 587 784 218 214 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 175 568 436 428 8;
  • 29) 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 175 568 436 428 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 351 136 872 857 6;
  • 30) 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 351 136 872 857 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 702 273 745 715 2;
  • 31) 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 702 273 745 715 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 404 547 491 430 4;
  • 32) 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 404 547 491 430 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 809 094 982 860 8;
  • 33) 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 809 094 982 860 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 618 189 965 721 6;
  • 34) 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 618 189 965 721 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 243 236 379 931 443 2;
  • 35) 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 243 236 379 931 443 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 486 472 759 862 886 4;
  • 36) 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 486 472 759 862 886 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 972 945 519 725 772 8;
  • 37) 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 972 945 519 725 772 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 945 891 039 451 545 6;
  • 38) 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 945 891 039 451 545 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 891 782 078 903 091 2;
  • 39) 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 891 782 078 903 091 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 783 564 157 806 182 4;
  • 40) 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 783 564 157 806 182 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 567 128 315 612 364 8;
  • 41) 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 567 128 315 612 364 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 134 256 631 224 729 6;
  • 42) 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 134 256 631 224 729 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 268 513 262 449 459 2;
  • 43) 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 268 513 262 449 459 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 537 026 524 898 918 4;
  • 44) 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 537 026 524 898 918 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 633 074 053 049 797 836 8;
  • 45) 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 633 074 053 049 797 836 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 266 148 106 099 595 673 6;
  • 46) 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 266 148 106 099 595 673 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 532 296 212 199 191 347 2;
  • 47) 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 532 296 212 199 191 347 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 064 592 424 398 382 694 4;
  • 48) 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 064 592 424 398 382 694 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 129 184 848 796 765 388 8;
  • 49) 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 129 184 848 796 765 388 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 258 369 697 593 530 777 6;
  • 50) 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 258 369 697 593 530 777 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 516 739 395 187 061 555 2;
  • 51) 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 516 739 395 187 061 555 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 033 478 790 374 123 110 4;
  • 52) 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 033 478 790 374 123 110 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 066 957 580 748 246 220 8;
  • 53) 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 066 957 580 748 246 220 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 133 915 161 496 492 441 6;
  • 54) 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 133 915 161 496 492 441 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 267 830 322 992 984 883 2;
  • 55) 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 267 830 322 992 984 883 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 535 660 645 985 969 766 4;
  • 56) 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 535 660 645 985 969 766 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 001 071 321 291 971 939 532 8;
  • 57) 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 001 071 321 291 971 939 532 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 002 142 642 583 943 879 065 6;
  • 58) 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 002 142 642 583 943 879 065 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 004 285 285 167 887 758 131 2;
  • 59) 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 004 285 285 167 887 758 131 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 008 570 570 335 775 516 262 4;
  • 60) 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 008 570 570 335 775 516 262 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 017 141 140 671 551 032 524 8;
  • 61) 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 017 141 140 671 551 032 524 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 034 282 281 343 102 065 049 6;
  • 62) 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 034 282 281 343 102 065 049 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 068 564 562 686 204 130 099 2;
  • 63) 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 068 564 562 686 204 130 099 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 137 129 125 372 408 260 198 4;
  • 64) 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 137 129 125 372 408 260 198 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 274 258 250 744 816 520 396 8;
  • 65) 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 274 258 250 744 816 520 396 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 548 516 501 489 633 040 793 6;
  • 66) 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 548 516 501 489 633 040 793 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 001 097 033 002 979 266 081 587 2;
  • 67) 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 001 097 033 002 979 266 081 587 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 002 194 066 005 958 532 163 174 4;
  • 68) 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 002 194 066 005 958 532 163 174 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 004 388 132 011 917 064 326 348 8;
  • 69) 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 004 388 132 011 917 064 326 348 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 008 776 264 023 834 128 652 697 6;
  • 70) 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 008 776 264 023 834 128 652 697 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 017 552 528 047 668 257 305 395 2;
  • 71) 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 017 552 528 047 668 257 305 395 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 035 105 056 095 336 514 610 790 4;
  • 72) 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 035 105 056 095 336 514 610 790 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 070 210 112 190 673 029 221 580 8;
  • 73) 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 070 210 112 190 673 029 221 580 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 140 420 224 381 346 058 443 161 6;
  • 74) 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 140 420 224 381 346 058 443 161 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 280 840 448 762 692 116 886 323 2;
  • 75) 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 280 840 448 762 692 116 886 323 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 561 680 897 525 384 233 772 646 4;
  • 76) 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 561 680 897 525 384 233 772 646 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 001 123 361 795 050 768 467 545 292 8;
  • 77) 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 001 123 361 795 050 768 467 545 292 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 002 246 723 590 101 536 935 090 585 6;
  • 78) 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 002 246 723 590 101 536 935 090 585 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 493 447 180 203 073 870 181 171 2;
  • 79) 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 493 447 180 203 073 870 181 171 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 008 986 894 360 406 147 740 362 342 4;
  • 80) 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 008 986 894 360 406 147 740 362 342 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 017 973 788 720 812 295 480 724 684 8;
  • 81) 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 017 973 788 720 812 295 480 724 684 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 035 947 577 441 624 590 961 449 369 6;
  • 82) 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 035 947 577 441 624 590 961 449 369 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 071 895 154 883 249 181 922 898 739 2;
  • 83) 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 071 895 154 883 249 181 922 898 739 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 143 790 309 766 498 363 845 797 478 4;
  • 84) 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 143 790 309 766 498 363 845 797 478 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 287 580 619 532 996 727 691 594 956 8;
  • 85) 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 287 580 619 532 996 727 691 594 956 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 575 161 239 065 993 455 383 189 913 6;
  • 86) 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 575 161 239 065 993 455 383 189 913 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 150 322 478 131 986 910 766 379 827 2;
  • 87) 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 150 322 478 131 986 910 766 379 827 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 300 644 956 263 973 821 532 759 654 4;
  • 88) 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 300 644 956 263 973 821 532 759 654 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 601 289 912 527 947 643 065 519 308 8;
  • 89) 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 601 289 912 527 947 643 065 519 308 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 009 202 579 825 055 895 286 131 038 617 6;
  • 90) 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 009 202 579 825 055 895 286 131 038 617 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 018 405 159 650 111 790 572 262 077 235 2;
  • 91) 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 018 405 159 650 111 790 572 262 077 235 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 036 810 319 300 223 581 144 524 154 470 4;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 39 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) × 20 =

1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010(2) × 2-39


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -39

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-39 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-39 + 1 023)(10) =

984(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 984 ÷ 2 = 492 + 0;
  • 492 ÷ 2 = 246 + 0;
  • 246 ÷ 2 = 123 + 0;
  • 123 ÷ 2 = 61 + 1;
  • 61 ÷ 2 = 30 + 1;
  • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

984(10) =

011 1101 1000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010 =

1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1101 1000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


Decimal number 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 044 8 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1101 1000 - 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100