0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 067 34;
  • 2) 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 067 34 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 134 68;
  • 3) 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 134 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 269 36;
  • 4) 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 269 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 538 72;
  • 5) 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 538 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 617 077 44;
  • 6) 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 617 077 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 234 154 88;
  • 7) 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 234 154 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 468 309 76;
  • 8) 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 468 309 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 936 619 52;
  • 9) 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 936 619 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 873 239 04;
  • 10) 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 873 239 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 746 478 08;
  • 11) 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 746 478 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 492 956 16;
  • 12) 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 492 956 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 985 912 32;
  • 13) 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 985 912 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 971 824 64;
  • 14) 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 971 824 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 943 649 28;
  • 15) 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 943 649 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 887 298 56;
  • 16) 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 887 298 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 774 597 12;
  • 17) 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 774 597 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 549 194 24;
  • 18) 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 549 194 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 895 098 388 48;
  • 19) 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 895 098 388 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 790 196 776 96;
  • 20) 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 790 196 776 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 580 393 553 92;
  • 21) 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 580 393 553 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 160 787 107 84;
  • 22) 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 160 787 107 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 321 574 215 68;
  • 23) 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 321 574 215 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 643 148 431 36;
  • 24) 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 643 148 431 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 286 296 862 72;
  • 25) 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 286 296 862 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 572 593 725 44;
  • 26) 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 572 593 725 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 293 145 187 450 88;
  • 27) 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 293 145 187 450 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 586 290 374 901 76;
  • 28) 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 586 290 374 901 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 172 580 749 803 52;
  • 29) 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 172 580 749 803 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 345 161 499 607 04;
  • 30) 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 345 161 499 607 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 690 322 999 214 08;
  • 31) 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 690 322 999 214 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 380 645 998 428 16;
  • 32) 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 380 645 998 428 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 761 291 996 856 32;
  • 33) 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 761 291 996 856 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 522 583 993 712 64;
  • 34) 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 522 583 993 712 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 243 045 167 987 425 28;
  • 35) 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 243 045 167 987 425 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 486 090 335 974 850 56;
  • 36) 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 486 090 335 974 850 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 972 180 671 949 701 12;
  • 37) 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 972 180 671 949 701 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 944 361 343 899 402 24;
  • 38) 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 944 361 343 899 402 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 888 722 687 798 804 48;
  • 39) 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 888 722 687 798 804 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 777 445 375 597 608 96;
  • 40) 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 777 445 375 597 608 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 554 890 751 195 217 92;
  • 41) 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 554 890 751 195 217 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 109 781 502 390 435 84;
  • 42) 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 109 781 502 390 435 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 219 563 004 780 871 68;
  • 43) 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 219 563 004 780 871 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 439 126 009 561 743 36;
  • 44) 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 439 126 009 561 743 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 878 252 019 123 486 72;
  • 45) 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 878 252 019 123 486 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 756 504 038 246 973 44;
  • 46) 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 756 504 038 246 973 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 513 008 076 493 946 88;
  • 47) 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 513 008 076 493 946 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 063 026 016 152 987 893 76;
  • 48) 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 063 026 016 152 987 893 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 126 052 032 305 975 787 52;
  • 49) 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 126 052 032 305 975 787 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 252 104 064 611 951 575 04;
  • 50) 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 252 104 064 611 951 575 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 504 208 129 223 903 150 08;
  • 51) 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 504 208 129 223 903 150 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 008 416 258 447 806 300 16;
  • 52) 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 008 416 258 447 806 300 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 016 832 516 895 612 600 32;
  • 53) 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 016 832 516 895 612 600 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 033 665 033 791 225 200 64;
  • 54) 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 033 665 033 791 225 200 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 067 330 067 582 450 401 28;
  • 55) 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 067 330 067 582 450 401 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 134 660 135 164 900 802 56;
  • 56) 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 134 660 135 164 900 802 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 269 320 270 329 801 605 12;
  • 57) 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 269 320 270 329 801 605 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 538 640 540 659 603 210 24;
  • 58) 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 538 640 540 659 603 210 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 001 077 281 081 319 206 420 48;
  • 59) 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 001 077 281 081 319 206 420 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 002 154 562 162 638 412 840 96;
  • 60) 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 002 154 562 162 638 412 840 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 004 309 124 325 276 825 681 92;
  • 61) 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 004 309 124 325 276 825 681 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 008 618 248 650 553 651 363 84;
  • 62) 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 008 618 248 650 553 651 363 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 017 236 497 301 107 302 727 68;
  • 63) 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 017 236 497 301 107 302 727 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 034 472 994 602 214 605 455 36;
  • 64) 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 034 472 994 602 214 605 455 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 068 945 989 204 429 210 910 72;
  • 65) 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 068 945 989 204 429 210 910 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 137 891 978 408 858 421 821 44;
  • 66) 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 137 891 978 408 858 421 821 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 275 783 956 817 716 843 642 88;
  • 67) 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 275 783 956 817 716 843 642 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 551 567 913 635 433 687 285 76;
  • 68) 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 551 567 913 635 433 687 285 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 001 103 135 827 270 867 374 571 52;
  • 69) 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 001 103 135 827 270 867 374 571 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 002 206 271 654 541 734 749 143 04;
  • 70) 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 002 206 271 654 541 734 749 143 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 004 412 543 309 083 469 498 286 08;
  • 71) 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 004 412 543 309 083 469 498 286 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 008 825 086 618 166 938 996 572 16;
  • 72) 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 008 825 086 618 166 938 996 572 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 017 650 173 236 333 877 993 144 32;
  • 73) 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 017 650 173 236 333 877 993 144 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 035 300 346 472 667 755 986 288 64;
  • 74) 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 035 300 346 472 667 755 986 288 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 070 600 692 945 335 511 972 577 28;
  • 75) 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 070 600 692 945 335 511 972 577 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 141 201 385 890 671 023 945 154 56;
  • 76) 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 141 201 385 890 671 023 945 154 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 282 402 771 781 342 047 890 309 12;
  • 77) 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 282 402 771 781 342 047 890 309 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 564 805 543 562 684 095 780 618 24;
  • 78) 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 564 805 543 562 684 095 780 618 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 129 611 087 125 368 191 561 236 48;
  • 79) 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 129 611 087 125 368 191 561 236 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 259 222 174 250 736 383 122 472 96;
  • 80) 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 259 222 174 250 736 383 122 472 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 518 444 348 501 472 766 244 945 92;
  • 81) 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 518 444 348 501 472 766 244 945 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 009 036 888 697 002 945 532 489 891 84;
  • 82) 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 009 036 888 697 002 945 532 489 891 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 018 073 777 394 005 891 064 979 783 68;
  • 83) 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 018 073 777 394 005 891 064 979 783 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 036 147 554 788 011 782 129 959 567 36;
  • 84) 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 036 147 554 788 011 782 129 959 567 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 072 295 109 576 023 564 259 919 134 72;
  • 85) 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 072 295 109 576 023 564 259 919 134 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 144 590 219 152 047 128 519 838 269 44;
  • 86) 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 144 590 219 152 047 128 519 838 269 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 289 180 438 304 094 257 039 676 538 88;
  • 87) 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 289 180 438 304 094 257 039 676 538 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 578 360 876 608 188 514 079 353 077 76;
  • 88) 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 578 360 876 608 188 514 079 353 077 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 156 721 753 216 377 028 158 706 155 52;
  • 89) 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 156 721 753 216 377 028 158 706 155 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 313 443 506 432 754 056 317 412 311 04;
  • 90) 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 313 443 506 432 754 056 317 412 311 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 626 887 012 865 508 112 634 824 622 08;
  • 91) 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 626 887 012 865 508 112 634 824 622 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 009 253 774 025 731 016 225 269 649 244 16;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 39 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) × 20 =

1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010(2) × 2-39


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -39

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-39 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-39 + 1 023)(10) =

984(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 984 ÷ 2 = 492 + 0;
  • 492 ÷ 2 = 246 + 0;
  • 246 ÷ 2 = 123 + 0;
  • 123 ÷ 2 = 61 + 1;
  • 61 ÷ 2 = 30 + 1;
  • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

984(10) =

011 1101 1000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010 =

1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1101 1000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


Decimal number 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 033 67 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1101 1000 - 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100