0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 938;
  • 2) 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 938 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 876;
  • 3) 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 876 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 752;
  • 4) 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 752 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 919 504;
  • 5) 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 919 504 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 839 008;
  • 6) 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 839 008 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 678 016;
  • 7) 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 678 016 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 356 032;
  • 8) 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 356 032 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 712 064;
  • 9) 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 712 064 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 424 128;
  • 10) 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 424 128 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 848 256;
  • 11) 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 848 256 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 696 512;
  • 12) 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 696 512 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 393 024;
  • 13) 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 393 024 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 786 048;
  • 14) 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 786 048 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 413 572 096;
  • 15) 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 413 572 096 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 827 144 192;
  • 16) 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 827 144 192 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 654 288 384;
  • 17) 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 654 288 384 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 308 576 768;
  • 18) 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 308 576 768 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 617 153 536;
  • 19) 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 617 153 536 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 234 307 072;
  • 20) 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 234 307 072 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 468 614 144;
  • 21) 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 468 614 144 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 937 228 288;
  • 22) 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 937 228 288 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 874 456 576;
  • 23) 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 874 456 576 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 748 913 152;
  • 24) 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 748 913 152 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 591 497 826 304;
  • 25) 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 591 497 826 304 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 182 995 652 608;
  • 26) 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 182 995 652 608 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 365 991 305 216;
  • 27) 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 365 991 305 216 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 731 982 610 432;
  • 28) 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 731 982 610 432 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 463 965 220 864;
  • 29) 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 463 965 220 864 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 927 930 441 728;
  • 30) 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 927 930 441 728 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 855 860 883 456;
  • 31) 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 855 860 883 456 × 2 = 0 + 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 711 721 766 912;
  • 32) 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 711 721 766 912 × 2 = 0 + 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 423 443 533 824;
  • 33) 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 423 443 533 824 × 2 = 0 + 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 846 887 067 648;
  • 34) 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 846 887 067 648 × 2 = 0 + 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 693 774 135 296;
  • 35) 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 693 774 135 296 × 2 = 0 + 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 915 387 548 270 592;
  • 36) 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 915 387 548 270 592 × 2 = 0 + 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 830 775 096 541 184;
  • 37) 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 830 775 096 541 184 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 661 550 193 082 368;
  • 38) 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 661 550 193 082 368 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 323 100 386 164 736;
  • 39) 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 323 100 386 164 736 × 2 = 1 + 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 646 200 772 329 472;
  • 40) 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 646 200 772 329 472 × 2 = 1 + 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 292 401 544 658 944;
  • 41) 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 292 401 544 658 944 × 2 = 1 + 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 584 803 089 317 888;
  • 42) 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 584 803 089 317 888 × 2 = 1 + 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 169 606 178 635 776;
  • 43) 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 169 606 178 635 776 × 2 = 1 + 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 339 212 357 271 552;
  • 44) 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 339 212 357 271 552 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 678 424 714 543 104;
  • 45) 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 678 424 714 543 104 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 001 356 849 429 086 208;
  • 46) 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 001 356 849 429 086 208 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 002 713 698 858 172 416;
  • 47) 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 002 713 698 858 172 416 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 005 427 397 716 344 832;
  • 48) 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 005 427 397 716 344 832 × 2 = 1 + 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 010 854 795 432 689 664;
  • 49) 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 010 854 795 432 689 664 × 2 = 0 + 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 021 709 590 865 379 328;
  • 50) 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 021 709 590 865 379 328 × 2 = 0 + 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 043 419 181 730 758 656;
  • 51) 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 043 419 181 730 758 656 × 2 = 1 + 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 086 838 363 461 517 312;
  • 52) 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 086 838 363 461 517 312 × 2 = 0 + 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 173 676 726 923 034 624;
  • 53) 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 173 676 726 923 034 624 × 2 = 1 + 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 347 353 453 846 069 248;
  • 54) 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 347 353 453 846 069 248 × 2 = 0 + 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 694 706 907 692 138 496;
  • 55) 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 694 706 907 692 138 496 × 2 = 0 + 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 001 389 413 815 384 276 992;
  • 56) 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 001 389 413 815 384 276 992 × 2 = 1 + 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 002 778 827 630 768 553 984;
  • 57) 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 002 778 827 630 768 553 984 × 2 = 0 + 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 005 557 655 261 537 107 968;
  • 58) 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 005 557 655 261 537 107 968 × 2 = 1 + 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 011 115 310 523 074 215 936;
  • 59) 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 011 115 310 523 074 215 936 × 2 = 0 + 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 022 230 621 046 148 431 872;
  • 60) 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 022 230 621 046 148 431 872 × 2 = 1 + 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 044 461 242 092 296 863 744;
  • 61) 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 044 461 242 092 296 863 744 × 2 = 1 + 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 088 922 484 184 593 727 488;
  • 62) 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 088 922 484 184 593 727 488 × 2 = 0 + 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 177 844 968 369 187 454 976;
  • 63) 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 177 844 968 369 187 454 976 × 2 = 1 + 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 355 689 936 738 374 909 952;
  • 64) 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 355 689 936 738 374 909 952 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 711 379 873 476 749 819 904;
  • 65) 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 711 379 873 476 749 819 904 × 2 = 1 + 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 001 422 759 746 953 499 639 808;
  • 66) 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 001 422 759 746 953 499 639 808 × 2 = 0 + 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 002 845 519 493 906 999 279 616;
  • 67) 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 002 845 519 493 906 999 279 616 × 2 = 1 + 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 005 691 038 987 813 998 559 232;
  • 68) 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 005 691 038 987 813 998 559 232 × 2 = 1 + 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 011 382 077 975 627 997 118 464;
  • 69) 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 011 382 077 975 627 997 118 464 × 2 = 0 + 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 022 764 155 951 255 994 236 928;
  • 70) 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 022 764 155 951 255 994 236 928 × 2 = 1 + 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 045 528 311 902 511 988 473 856;
  • 71) 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 045 528 311 902 511 988 473 856 × 2 = 0 + 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 091 056 623 805 023 976 947 712;
  • 72) 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 091 056 623 805 023 976 947 712 × 2 = 1 + 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 182 113 247 610 047 953 895 424;
  • 73) 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 182 113 247 610 047 953 895 424 × 2 = 0 + 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 364 226 495 220 095 907 790 848;
  • 74) 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 364 226 495 220 095 907 790 848 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 728 452 990 440 191 815 581 696;
  • 75) 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 728 452 990 440 191 815 581 696 × 2 = 1 + 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 456 905 980 880 383 631 163 392;
  • 76) 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 456 905 980 880 383 631 163 392 × 2 = 1 + 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 913 811 961 760 767 262 326 784;
  • 77) 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 913 811 961 760 767 262 326 784 × 2 = 1 + 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 827 623 923 521 534 524 653 568;
  • 78) 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 827 623 923 521 534 524 653 568 × 2 = 0 + 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 011 655 247 847 043 069 049 307 136;
  • 79) 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 011 655 247 847 043 069 049 307 136 × 2 = 1 + 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 023 310 495 694 086 138 098 614 272;
  • 80) 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 023 310 495 694 086 138 098 614 272 × 2 = 1 + 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 046 620 991 388 172 276 197 228 544;
  • 81) 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 046 620 991 388 172 276 197 228 544 × 2 = 0 + 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 093 241 982 776 344 552 394 457 088;
  • 82) 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 093 241 982 776 344 552 394 457 088 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 186 483 965 552 689 104 788 914 176;
  • 83) 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 186 483 965 552 689 104 788 914 176 × 2 = 1 + 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 372 967 931 105 378 209 577 828 352;
  • 84) 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 372 967 931 105 378 209 577 828 352 × 2 = 0 + 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 745 935 862 210 756 419 155 656 704;
  • 85) 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 745 935 862 210 756 419 155 656 704 × 2 = 1 + 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 491 871 724 421 512 838 311 313 408;
  • 86) 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 491 871 724 421 512 838 311 313 408 × 2 = 1 + 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 983 743 448 843 025 676 622 626 816;
  • 87) 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 983 743 448 843 025 676 622 626 816 × 2 = 0 + 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 967 486 897 686 051 353 245 253 632;
  • 88) 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 967 486 897 686 051 353 245 253 632 × 2 = 1 + 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 011 934 973 795 372 102 706 490 507 264;
  • 89) 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 011 934 973 795 372 102 706 490 507 264 × 2 = 0 + 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 023 869 947 590 744 205 412 981 014 528;
  • 90) 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 023 869 947 590 744 205 412 981 014 528 × 2 = 1 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 047 739 895 181 488 410 825 962 029 056;
  • 91) 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 047 739 895 181 488 410 825 962 029 056 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 095 479 790 362 976 821 651 924 058 112;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 39 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) × 20 =

1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010(2) × 2-39


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -39

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-39 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-39 + 1 023)(10) =

984(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 984 ÷ 2 = 492 + 0;
  • 492 ÷ 2 = 246 + 0;
  • 246 ÷ 2 = 123 + 0;
  • 123 ÷ 2 = 61 + 1;
  • 61 ÷ 2 = 30 + 1;
  • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

984(10) =

011 1101 1000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010 =

1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1101 1000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


Decimal number 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 469 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1101 1000 - 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100