0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 866 08;
  • 2) 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 866 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 732 16;
  • 3) 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 732 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 464 32;
  • 4) 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 464 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 928 64;
  • 5) 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 928 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 857 28;
  • 6) 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 857 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 714 56;
  • 7) 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 714 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 429 12;
  • 8) 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 429 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 858 24;
  • 9) 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 858 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 405 716 48;
  • 10) 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 405 716 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 811 432 96;
  • 11) 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 811 432 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 622 865 92;
  • 12) 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 622 865 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 245 731 84;
  • 13) 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 245 731 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 491 463 68;
  • 14) 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 491 463 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 982 927 36;
  • 15) 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 982 927 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 965 854 72;
  • 16) 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 965 854 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 931 709 44;
  • 17) 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 931 709 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 863 418 88;
  • 18) 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 863 418 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 726 837 76;
  • 19) 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 726 837 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 215 453 675 52;
  • 20) 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 215 453 675 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 430 907 351 04;
  • 21) 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 430 907 351 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 861 814 702 08;
  • 22) 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 861 814 702 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 723 629 404 16;
  • 23) 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 723 629 404 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 447 258 808 32;
  • 24) 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 447 258 808 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 894 517 616 64;
  • 25) 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 894 517 616 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 789 035 233 28;
  • 26) 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 789 035 233 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 578 070 466 56;
  • 27) 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 578 070 466 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 727 156 140 933 12;
  • 28) 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 727 156 140 933 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 454 312 281 866 24;
  • 29) 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 454 312 281 866 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 908 624 563 732 48;
  • 30) 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 908 624 563 732 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 817 249 127 464 96;
  • 31) 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 817 249 127 464 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 634 498 254 929 92;
  • 32) 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 634 498 254 929 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 268 996 509 859 84;
  • 33) 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 268 996 509 859 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 537 993 019 719 68;
  • 34) 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 537 993 019 719 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 075 986 039 439 36;
  • 35) 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 075 986 039 439 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 151 972 078 878 72;
  • 36) 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 151 972 078 878 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 303 944 157 757 44;
  • 37) 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 303 944 157 757 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 607 888 315 514 88;
  • 38) 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 607 888 315 514 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 313 215 776 631 029 76;
  • 39) 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 313 215 776 631 029 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 626 431 553 262 059 52;
  • 40) 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 626 431 553 262 059 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 252 863 106 524 119 04;
  • 41) 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 252 863 106 524 119 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 505 726 213 048 238 08;
  • 42) 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 505 726 213 048 238 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 011 452 426 096 476 16;
  • 43) 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 011 452 426 096 476 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 022 904 852 192 952 32;
  • 44) 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 022 904 852 192 952 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 045 809 704 385 904 64;
  • 45) 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 045 809 704 385 904 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 000 091 619 408 771 809 28;
  • 46) 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 000 091 619 408 771 809 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 000 183 238 817 543 618 56;
  • 47) 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 000 183 238 817 543 618 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 000 366 477 635 087 237 12;
  • 48) 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 000 366 477 635 087 237 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 000 732 955 270 174 474 24;
  • 49) 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 000 732 955 270 174 474 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 001 465 910 540 348 948 48;
  • 50) 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 001 465 910 540 348 948 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 002 931 821 080 697 896 96;
  • 51) 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 002 931 821 080 697 896 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 005 863 642 161 395 793 92;
  • 52) 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 005 863 642 161 395 793 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 011 727 284 322 791 587 84;
  • 53) 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 011 727 284 322 791 587 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 023 454 568 645 583 175 68;
  • 54) 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 023 454 568 645 583 175 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 046 909 137 291 166 351 36;
  • 55) 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 046 909 137 291 166 351 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 000 093 818 274 582 332 702 72;
  • 56) 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 000 093 818 274 582 332 702 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 000 187 636 549 164 665 405 44;
  • 57) 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 000 187 636 549 164 665 405 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 000 375 273 098 329 330 810 88;
  • 58) 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 000 375 273 098 329 330 810 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 000 750 546 196 658 661 621 76;
  • 59) 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 000 750 546 196 658 661 621 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 001 501 092 393 317 323 243 52;
  • 60) 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 001 501 092 393 317 323 243 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 003 002 184 786 634 646 487 04;
  • 61) 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 003 002 184 786 634 646 487 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 006 004 369 573 269 292 974 08;
  • 62) 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 006 004 369 573 269 292 974 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 012 008 739 146 538 585 948 16;
  • 63) 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 012 008 739 146 538 585 948 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 024 017 478 293 077 171 896 32;
  • 64) 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 024 017 478 293 077 171 896 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 048 034 956 586 154 343 792 64;
  • 65) 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 048 034 956 586 154 343 792 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 096 069 913 172 308 687 585 28;
  • 66) 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 096 069 913 172 308 687 585 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 192 139 826 344 617 375 170 56;
  • 67) 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 192 139 826 344 617 375 170 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 384 279 652 689 234 750 341 12;
  • 68) 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 384 279 652 689 234 750 341 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 768 559 305 378 469 500 682 24;
  • 69) 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 768 559 305 378 469 500 682 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 537 118 610 756 939 001 364 48;
  • 70) 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 537 118 610 756 939 001 364 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 074 237 221 513 878 002 728 96;
  • 71) 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 074 237 221 513 878 002 728 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 148 474 443 027 756 005 457 92;
  • 72) 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 148 474 443 027 756 005 457 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 296 948 886 055 512 010 915 84;
  • 73) 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 296 948 886 055 512 010 915 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 024 593 897 772 111 024 021 831 68;
  • 74) 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 024 593 897 772 111 024 021 831 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 049 187 795 544 222 048 043 663 36;
  • 75) 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 049 187 795 544 222 048 043 663 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 098 375 591 088 444 096 087 326 72;
  • 76) 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 098 375 591 088 444 096 087 326 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 196 751 182 176 888 192 174 653 44;
  • 77) 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 196 751 182 176 888 192 174 653 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 393 502 364 353 776 384 349 306 88;
  • 78) 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 393 502 364 353 776 384 349 306 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 787 004 728 707 552 768 698 613 76;
  • 79) 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 787 004 728 707 552 768 698 613 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 574 009 457 415 105 537 397 227 52;
  • 80) 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 574 009 457 415 105 537 397 227 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 148 018 914 830 211 074 794 455 04;
  • 81) 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 148 018 914 830 211 074 794 455 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 296 037 829 660 422 149 588 910 08;
  • 82) 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 296 037 829 660 422 149 588 910 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 592 075 659 320 844 299 177 820 16;
  • 83) 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 592 075 659 320 844 299 177 820 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 025 184 151 318 641 688 598 355 640 32;
  • 84) 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 025 184 151 318 641 688 598 355 640 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 050 368 302 637 283 377 196 711 280 64;
  • 85) 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 050 368 302 637 283 377 196 711 280 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 100 736 605 274 566 754 393 422 561 28;
  • 86) 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 100 736 605 274 566 754 393 422 561 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 201 473 210 549 133 508 786 845 122 56;
  • 87) 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 201 473 210 549 133 508 786 845 122 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 402 946 421 098 267 017 573 690 245 12;
  • 88) 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 402 946 421 098 267 017 573 690 245 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 805 892 842 196 534 035 147 380 490 24;
  • 89) 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 805 892 842 196 534 035 147 380 490 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 611 785 684 393 068 070 294 760 980 48;
  • 90) 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 611 785 684 393 068 070 294 760 980 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 223 571 368 786 136 140 589 521 960 96;
  • 91) 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 223 571 368 786 136 140 589 521 960 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 447 142 737 572 272 281 179 043 921 92;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 39 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) × 20 =

1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010(2) × 2-39


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -39

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-39 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-39 + 1 023)(10) =

984(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 984 ÷ 2 = 492 + 0;
  • 492 ÷ 2 = 246 + 0;
  • 246 ÷ 2 = 123 + 0;
  • 123 ÷ 2 = 61 + 1;
  • 61 ÷ 2 = 30 + 1;
  • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

984(10) =

011 1101 1000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010 =

1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1101 1000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


Decimal number 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 433 04 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1101 1000 - 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100