0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 865 04;
  • 2) 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 865 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 730 08;
  • 3) 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 730 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 460 16;
  • 4) 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 460 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 920 32;
  • 5) 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 920 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 840 64;
  • 6) 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 840 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 681 28;
  • 7) 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 681 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 362 56;
  • 8) 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 362 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 725 12;
  • 9) 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 725 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 405 450 24;
  • 10) 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 405 450 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 810 900 48;
  • 11) 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 810 900 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 621 800 96;
  • 12) 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 621 800 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 243 601 92;
  • 13) 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 243 601 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 487 203 84;
  • 14) 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 487 203 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 974 407 68;
  • 15) 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 974 407 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 948 815 36;
  • 16) 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 948 815 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 897 630 72;
  • 17) 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 897 630 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 795 261 44;
  • 18) 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 795 261 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 590 522 88;
  • 19) 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 590 522 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 215 181 045 76;
  • 20) 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 215 181 045 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 430 362 091 52;
  • 21) 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 430 362 091 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 860 724 183 04;
  • 22) 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 860 724 183 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 721 448 366 08;
  • 23) 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 721 448 366 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 442 896 732 16;
  • 24) 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 442 896 732 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 885 793 464 32;
  • 25) 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 885 793 464 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 771 586 928 64;
  • 26) 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 771 586 928 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 543 173 857 28;
  • 27) 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 543 173 857 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 727 086 347 714 56;
  • 28) 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 727 086 347 714 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 454 172 695 429 12;
  • 29) 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 454 172 695 429 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 908 345 390 858 24;
  • 30) 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 908 345 390 858 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 816 690 781 716 48;
  • 31) 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 816 690 781 716 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 633 381 563 432 96;
  • 32) 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 633 381 563 432 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 266 763 126 865 92;
  • 33) 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 266 763 126 865 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 533 526 253 731 84;
  • 34) 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 533 526 253 731 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 067 052 507 463 68;
  • 35) 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 067 052 507 463 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 134 105 014 927 36;
  • 36) 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 134 105 014 927 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 268 210 029 854 72;
  • 37) 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 268 210 029 854 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 536 420 059 709 44;
  • 38) 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 536 420 059 709 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 313 072 840 119 418 88;
  • 39) 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 313 072 840 119 418 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 626 145 680 238 837 76;
  • 40) 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 626 145 680 238 837 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 252 291 360 477 675 52;
  • 41) 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 252 291 360 477 675 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 504 582 720 955 351 04;
  • 42) 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 504 582 720 955 351 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 009 165 441 910 702 08;
  • 43) 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 009 165 441 910 702 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 018 330 883 821 404 16;
  • 44) 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 018 330 883 821 404 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 036 661 767 642 808 32;
  • 45) 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 036 661 767 642 808 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 000 073 323 535 285 616 64;
  • 46) 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 000 073 323 535 285 616 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 000 146 647 070 571 233 28;
  • 47) 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 000 146 647 070 571 233 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 000 293 294 141 142 466 56;
  • 48) 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 000 293 294 141 142 466 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 000 586 588 282 284 933 12;
  • 49) 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 000 586 588 282 284 933 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 001 173 176 564 569 866 24;
  • 50) 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 001 173 176 564 569 866 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 002 346 353 129 139 732 48;
  • 51) 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 002 346 353 129 139 732 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 004 692 706 258 279 464 96;
  • 52) 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 004 692 706 258 279 464 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 009 385 412 516 558 929 92;
  • 53) 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 009 385 412 516 558 929 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 018 770 825 033 117 859 84;
  • 54) 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 018 770 825 033 117 859 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 037 541 650 066 235 719 68;
  • 55) 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 037 541 650 066 235 719 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 000 075 083 300 132 471 439 36;
  • 56) 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 000 075 083 300 132 471 439 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 000 150 166 600 264 942 878 72;
  • 57) 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 000 150 166 600 264 942 878 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 000 300 333 200 529 885 757 44;
  • 58) 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 000 300 333 200 529 885 757 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 000 600 666 401 059 771 514 88;
  • 59) 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 000 600 666 401 059 771 514 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 001 201 332 802 119 543 029 76;
  • 60) 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 001 201 332 802 119 543 029 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 002 402 665 604 239 086 059 52;
  • 61) 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 002 402 665 604 239 086 059 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 004 805 331 208 478 172 119 04;
  • 62) 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 004 805 331 208 478 172 119 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 009 610 662 416 956 344 238 08;
  • 63) 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 009 610 662 416 956 344 238 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 019 221 324 833 912 688 476 16;
  • 64) 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 019 221 324 833 912 688 476 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 038 442 649 667 825 376 952 32;
  • 65) 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 038 442 649 667 825 376 952 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 076 885 299 335 650 753 904 64;
  • 66) 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 076 885 299 335 650 753 904 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 153 770 598 671 301 507 809 28;
  • 67) 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 153 770 598 671 301 507 809 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 307 541 197 342 603 015 618 56;
  • 68) 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 307 541 197 342 603 015 618 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 615 082 394 685 206 031 237 12;
  • 69) 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 615 082 394 685 206 031 237 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 230 164 789 370 412 062 474 24;
  • 70) 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 230 164 789 370 412 062 474 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 460 329 578 740 824 124 948 48;
  • 71) 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 460 329 578 740 824 124 948 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 920 659 157 481 648 249 896 96;
  • 72) 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 004 920 659 157 481 648 249 896 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 009 841 318 314 963 296 499 793 92;
  • 73) 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 009 841 318 314 963 296 499 793 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 019 682 636 629 926 592 999 587 84;
  • 74) 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 019 682 636 629 926 592 999 587 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 039 365 273 259 853 185 999 175 68;
  • 75) 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 039 365 273 259 853 185 999 175 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 078 730 546 519 706 371 998 351 36;
  • 76) 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 078 730 546 519 706 371 998 351 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 157 461 093 039 412 743 996 702 72;
  • 77) 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 157 461 093 039 412 743 996 702 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 314 922 186 078 825 487 993 405 44;
  • 78) 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 314 922 186 078 825 487 993 405 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 629 844 372 157 650 975 986 810 88;
  • 79) 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 629 844 372 157 650 975 986 810 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 259 688 744 315 301 951 973 621 76;
  • 80) 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 259 688 744 315 301 951 973 621 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 519 377 488 630 603 903 947 243 52;
  • 81) 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 519 377 488 630 603 903 947 243 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 038 754 977 261 207 807 894 487 04;
  • 82) 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 038 754 977 261 207 807 894 487 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 010 077 509 954 522 415 615 788 974 08;
  • 83) 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 010 077 509 954 522 415 615 788 974 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 020 155 019 909 044 831 231 577 948 16;
  • 84) 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 020 155 019 909 044 831 231 577 948 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 040 310 039 818 089 662 463 155 896 32;
  • 85) 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 040 310 039 818 089 662 463 155 896 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 080 620 079 636 179 324 926 311 792 64;
  • 86) 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 080 620 079 636 179 324 926 311 792 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 161 240 159 272 358 649 852 623 585 28;
  • 87) 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 161 240 159 272 358 649 852 623 585 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 322 480 318 544 717 299 705 247 170 56;
  • 88) 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 322 480 318 544 717 299 705 247 170 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 644 960 637 089 434 599 410 494 341 12;
  • 89) 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 644 960 637 089 434 599 410 494 341 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 289 921 274 178 869 198 820 988 682 24;
  • 90) 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 289 921 274 178 869 198 820 988 682 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 579 842 548 357 738 397 641 977 364 48;
  • 91) 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 002 579 842 548 357 738 397 641 977 364 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 005 159 685 096 715 476 795 283 954 728 96;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 39 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) × 20 =

1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010(2) × 2-39


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -39

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-39 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-39 + 1 023)(10) =

984(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 984 ÷ 2 = 492 + 0;
  • 492 ÷ 2 = 246 + 0;
  • 246 ÷ 2 = 123 + 0;
  • 123 ÷ 2 = 61 + 1;
  • 61 ÷ 2 = 30 + 1;
  • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

984(10) =

011 1101 1000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010 =

1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1101 1000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


Decimal number 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 432 52 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1101 1000 - 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100