0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 863 56;
  • 2) 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 863 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 727 12;
  • 3) 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 727 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 454 24;
  • 4) 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 454 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 908 48;
  • 5) 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 908 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 816 96;
  • 6) 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 816 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 633 92;
  • 7) 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 633 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 267 84;
  • 8) 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 267 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 535 68;
  • 9) 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 535 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 405 071 36;
  • 10) 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 405 071 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 810 142 72;
  • 11) 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 810 142 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 620 285 44;
  • 12) 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 620 285 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 240 570 88;
  • 13) 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 240 570 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 481 141 76;
  • 14) 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 481 141 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 962 283 52;
  • 15) 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 962 283 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 924 567 04;
  • 16) 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 924 567 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 849 134 08;
  • 17) 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 849 134 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 698 268 16;
  • 18) 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 698 268 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 396 536 32;
  • 19) 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 396 536 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 214 793 072 64;
  • 20) 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 214 793 072 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 429 586 145 28;
  • 21) 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 429 586 145 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 859 172 290 56;
  • 22) 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 859 172 290 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 718 344 581 12;
  • 23) 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 718 344 581 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 436 689 162 24;
  • 24) 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 436 689 162 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 873 378 324 48;
  • 25) 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 873 378 324 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 746 756 648 96;
  • 26) 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 746 756 648 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 493 513 297 92;
  • 27) 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 493 513 297 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 726 987 026 595 84;
  • 28) 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 726 987 026 595 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 453 974 053 191 68;
  • 29) 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 453 974 053 191 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 907 948 106 383 36;
  • 30) 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 907 948 106 383 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 815 896 212 766 72;
  • 31) 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 815 896 212 766 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 631 792 425 533 44;
  • 32) 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 631 792 425 533 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 263 584 851 066 88;
  • 33) 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 263 584 851 066 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 527 169 702 133 76;
  • 34) 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 527 169 702 133 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 054 339 404 267 52;
  • 35) 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 054 339 404 267 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 108 678 808 535 04;
  • 36) 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 108 678 808 535 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 217 357 617 070 08;
  • 37) 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 217 357 617 070 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 434 715 234 140 16;
  • 38) 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 434 715 234 140 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 312 869 430 468 280 32;
  • 39) 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 312 869 430 468 280 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 625 738 860 936 560 64;
  • 40) 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 625 738 860 936 560 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 251 477 721 873 121 28;
  • 41) 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 251 477 721 873 121 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 502 955 443 746 242 56;
  • 42) 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 502 955 443 746 242 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 005 910 887 492 485 12;
  • 43) 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 125 005 910 887 492 485 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 011 821 774 984 970 24;
  • 44) 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 250 011 821 774 984 970 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 023 643 549 969 940 48;
  • 45) 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 500 023 643 549 969 940 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 000 047 287 099 939 880 96;
  • 46) 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 625 000 047 287 099 939 880 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 000 094 574 199 879 761 92;
  • 47) 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 250 000 094 574 199 879 761 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 000 189 148 399 759 523 84;
  • 48) 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 500 000 189 148 399 759 523 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 000 378 296 799 519 047 68;
  • 49) 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 125 000 000 378 296 799 519 047 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 000 756 593 599 038 095 36;
  • 50) 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 250 000 000 756 593 599 038 095 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 001 513 187 198 076 190 72;
  • 51) 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 500 000 001 513 187 198 076 190 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 003 026 374 396 152 381 44;
  • 52) 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 625 000 000 003 026 374 396 152 381 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 006 052 748 792 304 762 88;
  • 53) 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 250 000 000 006 052 748 792 304 762 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 012 105 497 584 609 525 76;
  • 54) 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 500 000 000 012 105 497 584 609 525 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 024 210 995 169 219 051 52;
  • 55) 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 125 000 000 000 024 210 995 169 219 051 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 000 048 421 990 338 438 103 04;
  • 56) 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 250 000 000 000 048 421 990 338 438 103 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 000 096 843 980 676 876 206 08;
  • 57) 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 500 000 000 000 096 843 980 676 876 206 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 000 193 687 961 353 752 412 16;
  • 58) 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 625 000 000 000 000 193 687 961 353 752 412 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 000 387 375 922 707 504 824 32;
  • 59) 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 250 000 000 000 000 387 375 922 707 504 824 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 000 774 751 845 415 009 648 64;
  • 60) 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 500 000 000 000 000 774 751 845 415 009 648 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 001 549 503 690 830 019 297 28;
  • 61) 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 125 000 000 000 000 001 549 503 690 830 019 297 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 003 099 007 381 660 038 594 56;
  • 62) 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 250 000 000 000 000 003 099 007 381 660 038 594 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 006 198 014 763 320 077 189 12;
  • 63) 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 500 000 000 000 000 006 198 014 763 320 077 189 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 012 396 029 526 640 154 378 24;
  • 64) 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 625 000 000 000 000 000 012 396 029 526 640 154 378 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 024 792 059 053 280 308 756 48;
  • 65) 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 250 000 000 000 000 000 024 792 059 053 280 308 756 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 049 584 118 106 560 617 512 96;
  • 66) 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 049 584 118 106 560 617 512 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 099 168 236 213 121 235 025 92;
  • 67) 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 099 168 236 213 121 235 025 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 198 336 472 426 242 470 051 84;
  • 68) 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 198 336 472 426 242 470 051 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 396 672 944 852 484 940 103 68;
  • 69) 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 396 672 944 852 484 940 103 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 793 345 889 704 969 880 207 36;
  • 70) 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 793 345 889 704 969 880 207 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 586 691 779 409 939 760 414 72;
  • 71) 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 586 691 779 409 939 760 414 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 173 383 558 819 879 520 829 44;
  • 72) 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 173 383 558 819 879 520 829 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 346 767 117 639 759 041 658 88;
  • 73) 0.231 159 210 205 078 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 346 767 117 639 759 041 658 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 693 534 235 279 518 083 317 76;
  • 74) 0.462 318 420 410 156 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 693 534 235 279 518 083 317 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 025 387 068 470 559 036 166 635 52;
  • 75) 0.924 636 840 820 312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 025 387 068 470 559 036 166 635 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 050 774 136 941 118 072 333 271 04;
  • 76) 0.849 273 681 640 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 050 774 136 941 118 072 333 271 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 101 548 273 882 236 144 666 542 08;
  • 77) 0.698 547 363 281 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 101 548 273 882 236 144 666 542 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 203 096 547 764 472 289 333 084 16;
  • 78) 0.397 094 726 562 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 203 096 547 764 472 289 333 084 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 406 193 095 528 944 578 666 168 32;
  • 79) 0.794 189 453 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 406 193 095 528 944 578 666 168 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 812 386 191 057 889 157 332 336 64;
  • 80) 0.588 378 906 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 812 386 191 057 889 157 332 336 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 624 772 382 115 778 314 664 673 28;
  • 81) 0.176 757 812 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 624 772 382 115 778 314 664 673 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 249 544 764 231 556 629 329 346 56;
  • 82) 0.353 515 625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 249 544 764 231 556 629 329 346 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 499 089 528 463 113 258 658 693 12;
  • 83) 0.707 031 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 499 089 528 463 113 258 658 693 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 998 179 056 926 226 517 317 386 24;
  • 84) 0.414 062 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 012 998 179 056 926 226 517 317 386 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 025 996 358 113 852 453 034 634 772 48;
  • 85) 0.828 125 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 025 996 358 113 852 453 034 634 772 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 051 992 716 227 704 906 069 269 544 96;
  • 86) 0.656 250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 051 992 716 227 704 906 069 269 544 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 103 985 432 455 409 812 138 539 089 92;
  • 87) 0.312 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 103 985 432 455 409 812 138 539 089 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 207 970 864 910 819 624 277 078 179 84;
  • 88) 0.625 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 207 970 864 910 819 624 277 078 179 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 415 941 729 821 639 248 554 156 359 68;
  • 89) 0.250 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 415 941 729 821 639 248 554 156 359 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 831 883 459 643 278 497 108 312 719 36;
  • 90) 0.500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 831 883 459 643 278 497 108 312 719 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 663 766 919 286 556 994 216 625 438 72;
  • 91) 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001 663 766 919 286 556 994 216 625 438 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 003 327 533 838 573 113 988 433 250 877 44;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 39 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 010(2) × 20 =

1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010(2) × 2-39


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -39

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-39 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-39 + 1 023)(10) =

984(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 984 ÷ 2 = 492 + 0;
  • 492 ÷ 2 = 246 + 0;
  • 246 ÷ 2 = 123 + 0;
  • 123 ÷ 2 = 61 + 1;
  • 61 ÷ 2 = 30 + 1;
  • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

984(10) =

011 1101 1000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010 =

1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1101 1000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010


Decimal number 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 431 78 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1101 1000 - 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1010

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100