0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


3. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 860 872 039 388;
  • 2) 0.000 000 000 007 269 999 999 999 999 516 522 114 064 601 356 670 305 976 059 864 860 872 039 388 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 721 744 078 776;
  • 3) 0.000 000 000 014 539 999 999 999 999 033 044 228 129 202 713 340 611 952 119 729 721 744 078 776 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 443 488 157 552;
  • 4) 0.000 000 000 029 079 999 999 999 998 066 088 456 258 405 426 681 223 904 239 459 443 488 157 552 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 886 976 315 104;
  • 5) 0.000 000 000 058 159 999 999 999 996 132 176 912 516 810 853 362 447 808 478 918 886 976 315 104 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 773 952 630 208;
  • 6) 0.000 000 000 116 319 999 999 999 992 264 353 825 033 621 706 724 895 616 957 837 773 952 630 208 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 547 905 260 416;
  • 7) 0.000 000 000 232 639 999 999 999 984 528 707 650 067 243 413 449 791 233 915 675 547 905 260 416 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 095 810 520 832;
  • 8) 0.000 000 000 465 279 999 999 999 969 057 415 300 134 486 826 899 582 467 831 351 095 810 520 832 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 191 621 041 664;
  • 9) 0.000 000 000 930 559 999 999 999 938 114 830 600 268 973 653 799 164 935 662 702 191 621 041 664 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 404 383 242 083 328;
  • 10) 0.000 000 001 861 119 999 999 999 876 229 661 200 537 947 307 598 329 871 325 404 383 242 083 328 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 808 766 484 166 656;
  • 11) 0.000 000 003 722 239 999 999 999 752 459 322 401 075 894 615 196 659 742 650 808 766 484 166 656 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 617 532 968 333 312;
  • 12) 0.000 000 007 444 479 999 999 999 504 918 644 802 151 789 230 393 319 485 301 617 532 968 333 312 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 235 065 936 666 624;
  • 13) 0.000 000 014 888 959 999 999 999 009 837 289 604 303 578 460 786 638 970 603 235 065 936 666 624 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 470 131 873 333 248;
  • 14) 0.000 000 029 777 919 999 999 998 019 674 579 208 607 156 921 573 277 941 206 470 131 873 333 248 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 940 263 746 666 496;
  • 15) 0.000 000 059 555 839 999 999 996 039 349 158 417 214 313 843 146 555 882 412 940 263 746 666 496 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 880 527 493 332 992;
  • 16) 0.000 000 119 111 679 999 999 992 078 698 316 834 428 627 686 293 111 764 825 880 527 493 332 992 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 761 054 986 665 984;
  • 17) 0.000 000 238 223 359 999 999 984 157 396 633 668 857 255 372 586 223 529 651 761 054 986 665 984 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 522 109 973 331 968;
  • 18) 0.000 000 476 446 719 999 999 968 314 793 267 337 714 510 745 172 447 059 303 522 109 973 331 968 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 044 219 946 663 936;
  • 19) 0.000 000 952 893 439 999 999 936 629 586 534 675 429 021 490 344 894 118 607 044 219 946 663 936 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 214 088 439 893 327 872;
  • 20) 0.000 001 905 786 879 999 999 873 259 173 069 350 858 042 980 689 788 237 214 088 439 893 327 872 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 428 176 879 786 655 744;
  • 21) 0.000 003 811 573 759 999 999 746 518 346 138 701 716 085 961 379 576 474 428 176 879 786 655 744 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 856 353 759 573 311 488;
  • 22) 0.000 007 623 147 519 999 999 493 036 692 277 403 432 171 922 759 152 948 856 353 759 573 311 488 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 712 707 519 146 622 976;
  • 23) 0.000 015 246 295 039 999 998 986 073 384 554 806 864 343 845 518 305 897 712 707 519 146 622 976 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 425 415 038 293 245 952;
  • 24) 0.000 030 492 590 079 999 997 972 146 769 109 613 728 687 691 036 611 795 425 415 038 293 245 952 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 850 830 076 586 491 904;
  • 25) 0.000 060 985 180 159 999 995 944 293 538 219 227 457 375 382 073 223 590 850 830 076 586 491 904 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 701 660 153 172 983 808;
  • 26) 0.000 121 970 360 319 999 991 888 587 076 438 454 914 750 764 146 447 181 701 660 153 172 983 808 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 403 320 306 345 967 616;
  • 27) 0.000 243 940 720 639 999 983 777 174 152 876 909 829 501 528 292 894 363 403 320 306 345 967 616 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 726 806 640 612 691 935 232;
  • 28) 0.000 487 881 441 279 999 967 554 348 305 753 819 659 003 056 585 788 726 806 640 612 691 935 232 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 453 613 281 225 383 870 464;
  • 29) 0.000 975 762 882 559 999 935 108 696 611 507 639 318 006 113 171 577 453 613 281 225 383 870 464 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 907 226 562 450 767 740 928;
  • 30) 0.001 951 525 765 119 999 870 217 393 223 015 278 636 012 226 343 154 907 226 562 450 767 740 928 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 814 453 124 901 535 481 856;
  • 31) 0.003 903 051 530 239 999 740 434 786 446 030 557 272 024 452 686 309 814 453 124 901 535 481 856 × 2 = 0 + 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 628 906 249 803 070 963 712;
  • 32) 0.007 806 103 060 479 999 480 869 572 892 061 114 544 048 905 372 619 628 906 249 803 070 963 712 × 2 = 0 + 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 257 812 499 606 141 927 424;
  • 33) 0.015 612 206 120 959 998 961 739 145 784 122 229 088 097 810 745 239 257 812 499 606 141 927 424 × 2 = 0 + 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 515 624 999 212 283 854 848;
  • 34) 0.031 224 412 241 919 997 923 478 291 568 244 458 176 195 621 490 478 515 624 999 212 283 854 848 × 2 = 0 + 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 031 249 998 424 567 709 696;
  • 35) 0.062 448 824 483 839 995 846 956 583 136 488 916 352 391 242 980 957 031 249 998 424 567 709 696 × 2 = 0 + 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 062 499 996 849 135 419 392;
  • 36) 0.124 897 648 967 679 991 693 913 166 272 977 832 704 782 485 961 914 062 499 996 849 135 419 392 × 2 = 0 + 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 124 999 993 698 270 838 784;
  • 37) 0.249 795 297 935 359 983 387 826 332 545 955 665 409 564 971 923 828 124 999 993 698 270 838 784 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 249 999 987 396 541 677 568;
  • 38) 0.499 590 595 870 719 966 775 652 665 091 911 330 819 129 943 847 656 249 999 987 396 541 677 568 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 312 499 999 974 793 083 355 136;
  • 39) 0.999 181 191 741 439 933 551 305 330 183 822 661 638 259 887 695 312 499 999 974 793 083 355 136 × 2 = 1 + 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 624 999 999 949 586 166 710 272;
  • 40) 0.998 362 383 482 879 867 102 610 660 367 645 323 276 519 775 390 624 999 999 949 586 166 710 272 × 2 = 1 + 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 249 999 999 899 172 333 420 544;
  • 41) 0.996 724 766 965 759 734 205 221 320 735 290 646 553 039 550 781 249 999 999 899 172 333 420 544 × 2 = 1 + 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 499 999 999 798 344 666 841 088;
  • 42) 0.993 449 533 931 519 468 410 442 641 470 581 293 106 079 101 562 499 999 999 798 344 666 841 088 × 2 = 1 + 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 124 999 999 999 596 689 333 682 176;
  • 43) 0.986 899 067 863 038 936 820 885 282 941 162 586 212 158 203 124 999 999 999 596 689 333 682 176 × 2 = 1 + 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 249 999 999 999 193 378 667 364 352;
  • 44) 0.973 798 135 726 077 873 641 770 565 882 325 172 424 316 406 249 999 999 999 193 378 667 364 352 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 499 999 999 998 386 757 334 728 704;
  • 45) 0.947 596 271 452 155 747 283 541 131 764 650 344 848 632 812 499 999 999 998 386 757 334 728 704 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 624 999 999 999 996 773 514 669 457 408;
  • 46) 0.895 192 542 904 311 494 567 082 263 529 300 689 697 265 624 999 999 999 996 773 514 669 457 408 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 249 999 999 999 993 547 029 338 914 816;
  • 47) 0.790 385 085 808 622 989 134 164 527 058 601 379 394 531 249 999 999 999 993 547 029 338 914 816 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 499 999 999 999 987 094 058 677 829 632;
  • 48) 0.580 770 171 617 245 978 268 329 054 117 202 758 789 062 499 999 999 999 987 094 058 677 829 632 × 2 = 1 + 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 124 999 999 999 999 974 188 117 355 659 264;
  • 49) 0.161 540 343 234 491 956 536 658 108 234 405 517 578 124 999 999 999 999 974 188 117 355 659 264 × 2 = 0 + 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 249 999 999 999 999 948 376 234 711 318 528;
  • 50) 0.323 080 686 468 983 913 073 316 216 468 811 035 156 249 999 999 999 999 948 376 234 711 318 528 × 2 = 0 + 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 499 999 999 999 999 896 752 469 422 637 056;
  • 51) 0.646 161 372 937 967 826 146 632 432 937 622 070 312 499 999 999 999 999 896 752 469 422 637 056 × 2 = 1 + 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 624 999 999 999 999 999 793 504 938 845 274 112;
  • 52) 0.292 322 745 875 935 652 293 264 865 875 244 140 624 999 999 999 999 999 793 504 938 845 274 112 × 2 = 0 + 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 249 999 999 999 999 999 587 009 877 690 548 224;
  • 53) 0.584 645 491 751 871 304 586 529 731 750 488 281 249 999 999 999 999 999 587 009 877 690 548 224 × 2 = 1 + 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 174 019 755 381 096 448;
  • 54) 0.169 290 983 503 742 609 173 059 463 500 976 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 174 019 755 381 096 448 × 2 = 0 + 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 124 999 999 999 999 999 998 348 039 510 762 192 896;
  • 55) 0.338 581 967 007 485 218 346 118 927 001 953 124 999 999 999 999 999 998 348 039 510 762 192 896 × 2 = 0 + 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 249 999 999 999 999 999 996 696 079 021 524 385 792;
  • 56) 0.677 163 934 014 970 436 692 237 854 003 906 249 999 999 999 999 999 996 696 079 021 524 385 792 × 2 = 1 + 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 993 392 158 043 048 771 584;
  • 57) 0.354 327 868 029 940 873 384 475 708 007 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 993 392 158 043 048 771 584 × 2 = 0 + 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 986 784 316 086 097 543 168;
  • 58) 0.708 655 736 059 881 746 768 951 416 015 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 986 784 316 086 097 543 168 × 2 = 1 + 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 973 568 632 172 195 086 336;
  • 59) 0.417 311 472 119 763 493 537 902 832 031 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 973 568 632 172 195 086 336 × 2 = 0 + 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 947 137 264 344 390 172 672;
  • 60) 0.834 622 944 239 526 987 075 805 664 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 947 137 264 344 390 172 672 × 2 = 1 + 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 894 274 528 688 780 345 344;
  • 61) 0.669 245 888 479 053 974 151 611 328 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 894 274 528 688 780 345 344 × 2 = 1 + 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 788 549 057 377 560 690 688;
  • 62) 0.338 491 776 958 107 948 303 222 656 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 788 549 057 377 560 690 688 × 2 = 0 + 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 577 098 114 755 121 381 376;
  • 63) 0.676 983 553 916 215 896 606 445 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 577 098 114 755 121 381 376 × 2 = 1 + 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 154 196 229 510 242 762 752;
  • 64) 0.353 967 107 832 431 793 212 890 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 154 196 229 510 242 762 752 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 308 392 459 020 485 525 504;
  • 65) 0.707 934 215 664 863 586 425 781 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 308 392 459 020 485 525 504 × 2 = 1 + 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 996 616 784 918 040 971 051 008;
  • 66) 0.415 868 431 329 727 172 851 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 996 616 784 918 040 971 051 008 × 2 = 0 + 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 993 233 569 836 081 942 102 016;
  • 67) 0.831 736 862 659 454 345 703 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 993 233 569 836 081 942 102 016 × 2 = 1 + 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 986 467 139 672 163 884 204 032;
  • 68) 0.663 473 725 318 908 691 406 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 986 467 139 672 163 884 204 032 × 2 = 1 + 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 972 934 279 344 327 768 408 064;
  • 69) 0.326 947 450 637 817 382 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 972 934 279 344 327 768 408 064 × 2 = 0 + 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 945 868 558 688 655 536 816 128;
  • 70) 0.653 894 901 275 634 765 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 945 868 558 688 655 536 816 128 × 2 = 1 + 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 891 737 117 377 311 073 632 256;
  • 71) 0.307 789 802 551 269 531 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 891 737 117 377 311 073 632 256 × 2 = 0 + 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 783 474 234 754 622 147 264 512;
  • 72) 0.615 579 605 102 539 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 783 474 234 754 622 147 264 512 × 2 = 1 + 0.231 159 210 205 078 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 566 948 469 509 244 294 529 024;
  • 73) 0.231 159 210 205 078 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 566 948 469 509 244 294 529 024 × 2 = 0 + 0.462 318 420 410 156 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 133 896 939 018 488 589 058 048;
  • 74) 0.462 318 420 410 156 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 133 896 939 018 488 589 058 048 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 636 840 820 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 267 793 878 036 977 178 116 096;
  • 75) 0.924 636 840 820 312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 267 793 878 036 977 178 116 096 × 2 = 1 + 0.849 273 681 640 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 996 535 587 756 073 954 356 232 192;
  • 76) 0.849 273 681 640 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 996 535 587 756 073 954 356 232 192 × 2 = 1 + 0.698 547 363 281 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 993 071 175 512 147 908 712 464 384;
  • 77) 0.698 547 363 281 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 993 071 175 512 147 908 712 464 384 × 2 = 1 + 0.397 094 726 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 986 142 351 024 295 817 424 928 768;
  • 78) 0.397 094 726 562 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 986 142 351 024 295 817 424 928 768 × 2 = 0 + 0.794 189 453 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 972 284 702 048 591 634 849 857 536;
  • 79) 0.794 189 453 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 972 284 702 048 591 634 849 857 536 × 2 = 1 + 0.588 378 906 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 944 569 404 097 183 269 699 715 072;
  • 80) 0.588 378 906 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 944 569 404 097 183 269 699 715 072 × 2 = 1 + 0.176 757 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 889 138 808 194 366 539 399 430 144;
  • 81) 0.176 757 812 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 889 138 808 194 366 539 399 430 144 × 2 = 0 + 0.353 515 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 778 277 616 388 733 078 798 860 288;
  • 82) 0.353 515 624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 778 277 616 388 733 078 798 860 288 × 2 = 0 + 0.707 031 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 556 555 232 777 466 157 597 720 576;
  • 83) 0.707 031 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 556 555 232 777 466 157 597 720 576 × 2 = 1 + 0.414 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 113 110 465 554 932 315 195 441 152;
  • 84) 0.414 062 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 113 110 465 554 932 315 195 441 152 × 2 = 0 + 0.828 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 226 220 931 109 864 630 390 882 304;
  • 85) 0.828 124 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 998 226 220 931 109 864 630 390 882 304 × 2 = 1 + 0.656 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 996 452 441 862 219 729 260 781 764 608;
  • 86) 0.656 249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 996 452 441 862 219 729 260 781 764 608 × 2 = 1 + 0.312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 992 904 883 724 439 458 521 563 529 216;
  • 87) 0.312 499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 992 904 883 724 439 458 521 563 529 216 × 2 = 0 + 0.624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 985 809 767 448 878 917 043 127 058 432;
  • 88) 0.624 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 985 809 767 448 878 917 043 127 058 432 × 2 = 1 + 0.249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 971 619 534 897 757 834 086 254 116 864;
  • 89) 0.249 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 971 619 534 897 757 834 086 254 116 864 × 2 = 0 + 0.499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 943 239 069 795 515 668 172 508 233 728;
  • 90) 0.499 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 943 239 069 795 515 668 172 508 233 728 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 886 478 139 591 031 336 345 016 467 456;
  • 91) 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 886 478 139 591 031 336 345 016 467 456 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 772 956 279 182 062 672 690 032 934 912;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


4. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 001(2)

5. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 001(2)

6. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 39 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 001(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 0010 1001 0101 1010 1011 0101 0011 1011 0010 1101 001(2) × 20 =

1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1001(2) × 2-39


7. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 0 (a positive number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -39

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1001


8. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-39 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-39 + 1 023)(10) =

984(10)


9. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 984 ÷ 2 = 492 + 0;
  • 492 ÷ 2 = 246 + 0;
  • 246 ÷ 2 = 123 + 0;
  • 123 ÷ 2 = 61 + 1;
  • 61 ÷ 2 = 30 + 1;
  • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

10. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

984(10) =

011 1101 1000(2)


11. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1001 =

1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1001


12. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
0 (a positive number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1101 1000

Mantissa (52 bits) =
1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1001


Decimal number 0.000 000 000 003 634 999 999 999 999 758 261 057 032 300 678 335 152 988 029 932 430 436 019 694 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

0 - 011 1101 1000 - 1111 1111 1001 0100 1010 1101 0101 1010 1001 1101 1001 0110 1001

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100