-0.000 282 689 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal -0.000 282 689(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
-0.000 282 689(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. Start with the positive version of the number:

|-0.000 282 689| = 0.000 282 689


2. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


4. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 282 689.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 282 689 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 565 378;
  • 2) 0.000 565 378 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 130 756;
  • 3) 0.001 130 756 × 2 = 0 + 0.002 261 512;
  • 4) 0.002 261 512 × 2 = 0 + 0.004 523 024;
  • 5) 0.004 523 024 × 2 = 0 + 0.009 046 048;
  • 6) 0.009 046 048 × 2 = 0 + 0.018 092 096;
  • 7) 0.018 092 096 × 2 = 0 + 0.036 184 192;
  • 8) 0.036 184 192 × 2 = 0 + 0.072 368 384;
  • 9) 0.072 368 384 × 2 = 0 + 0.144 736 768;
  • 10) 0.144 736 768 × 2 = 0 + 0.289 473 536;
  • 11) 0.289 473 536 × 2 = 0 + 0.578 947 072;
  • 12) 0.578 947 072 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 894 144;
  • 13) 0.157 894 144 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 788 288;
  • 14) 0.315 788 288 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 576 576;
  • 15) 0.631 576 576 × 2 = 1 + 0.263 153 152;
  • 16) 0.263 153 152 × 2 = 0 + 0.526 306 304;
  • 17) 0.526 306 304 × 2 = 1 + 0.052 612 608;
  • 18) 0.052 612 608 × 2 = 0 + 0.105 225 216;
  • 19) 0.105 225 216 × 2 = 0 + 0.210 450 432;
  • 20) 0.210 450 432 × 2 = 0 + 0.420 900 864;
  • 21) 0.420 900 864 × 2 = 0 + 0.841 801 728;
  • 22) 0.841 801 728 × 2 = 1 + 0.683 603 456;
  • 23) 0.683 603 456 × 2 = 1 + 0.367 206 912;
  • 24) 0.367 206 912 × 2 = 0 + 0.734 413 824;
  • 25) 0.734 413 824 × 2 = 1 + 0.468 827 648;
  • 26) 0.468 827 648 × 2 = 0 + 0.937 655 296;
  • 27) 0.937 655 296 × 2 = 1 + 0.875 310 592;
  • 28) 0.875 310 592 × 2 = 1 + 0.750 621 184;
  • 29) 0.750 621 184 × 2 = 1 + 0.501 242 368;
  • 30) 0.501 242 368 × 2 = 1 + 0.002 484 736;
  • 31) 0.002 484 736 × 2 = 0 + 0.004 969 472;
  • 32) 0.004 969 472 × 2 = 0 + 0.009 938 944;
  • 33) 0.009 938 944 × 2 = 0 + 0.019 877 888;
  • 34) 0.019 877 888 × 2 = 0 + 0.039 755 776;
  • 35) 0.039 755 776 × 2 = 0 + 0.079 511 552;
  • 36) 0.079 511 552 × 2 = 0 + 0.159 023 104;
  • 37) 0.159 023 104 × 2 = 0 + 0.318 046 208;
  • 38) 0.318 046 208 × 2 = 0 + 0.636 092 416;
  • 39) 0.636 092 416 × 2 = 1 + 0.272 184 832;
  • 40) 0.272 184 832 × 2 = 0 + 0.544 369 664;
  • 41) 0.544 369 664 × 2 = 1 + 0.088 739 328;
  • 42) 0.088 739 328 × 2 = 0 + 0.177 478 656;
  • 43) 0.177 478 656 × 2 = 0 + 0.354 957 312;
  • 44) 0.354 957 312 × 2 = 0 + 0.709 914 624;
  • 45) 0.709 914 624 × 2 = 1 + 0.419 829 248;
  • 46) 0.419 829 248 × 2 = 0 + 0.839 658 496;
  • 47) 0.839 658 496 × 2 = 1 + 0.679 316 992;
  • 48) 0.679 316 992 × 2 = 1 + 0.358 633 984;
  • 49) 0.358 633 984 × 2 = 0 + 0.717 267 968;
  • 50) 0.717 267 968 × 2 = 1 + 0.434 535 936;
  • 51) 0.434 535 936 × 2 = 0 + 0.869 071 872;
  • 52) 0.869 071 872 × 2 = 1 + 0.738 143 744;
  • 53) 0.738 143 744 × 2 = 1 + 0.476 287 488;
  • 54) 0.476 287 488 × 2 = 0 + 0.952 574 976;
  • 55) 0.952 574 976 × 2 = 1 + 0.905 149 952;
  • 56) 0.905 149 952 × 2 = 1 + 0.810 299 904;
  • 57) 0.810 299 904 × 2 = 1 + 0.620 599 808;
  • 58) 0.620 599 808 × 2 = 1 + 0.241 199 616;
  • 59) 0.241 199 616 × 2 = 0 + 0.482 399 232;
  • 60) 0.482 399 232 × 2 = 0 + 0.964 798 464;
  • 61) 0.964 798 464 × 2 = 1 + 0.929 596 928;
  • 62) 0.929 596 928 × 2 = 1 + 0.859 193 856;
  • 63) 0.859 193 856 × 2 = 1 + 0.718 387 712;
  • 64) 0.718 387 712 × 2 = 1 + 0.436 775 424;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 282 689(10) =

0.0000 0000 0001 0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111(2)

6. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 282 689(10) =

0.0000 0000 0001 0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111(2)

7. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 12 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 282 689(10) =

0.0000 0000 0001 0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111(2) =

0.0000 0000 0001 0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111(2) × 20 =

1.0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111(2) × 2-12


8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 1 (a negative number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -12

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111


9. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-12 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-12 + 1 023)(10) =

1 011(10)


10. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 1 011 ÷ 2 = 505 + 1;
  • 505 ÷ 2 = 252 + 1;
  • 252 ÷ 2 = 126 + 0;
  • 126 ÷ 2 = 63 + 0;
  • 63 ÷ 2 = 31 + 1;
  • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

11. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

1011(10) =

011 1111 0011(2)


12. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111 =

0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111


13. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
1 (a negative number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1111 0011

Mantissa (52 bits) =
0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111


Decimal number -0.000 282 689 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

1 - 011 1111 0011 - 0010 1000 0110 1011 1100 0000 0010 1000 1011 0101 1011 1100 1111

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How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100