-0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36 Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal -0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
-0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36(10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 11 bits for exponent, 52 bits for mantissa)

1. Start with the positive version of the number:

|-0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36| = 0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36


2. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


4. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 699 227 809 600 000 477 815 098 166 000 010 72;
  • 2) 0.000 000 699 227 809 600 000 477 815 098 166 000 010 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 398 455 619 200 000 955 630 196 332 000 021 44;
  • 3) 0.000 001 398 455 619 200 000 955 630 196 332 000 021 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 002 796 911 238 400 001 911 260 392 664 000 042 88;
  • 4) 0.000 002 796 911 238 400 001 911 260 392 664 000 042 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 005 593 822 476 800 003 822 520 785 328 000 085 76;
  • 5) 0.000 005 593 822 476 800 003 822 520 785 328 000 085 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 011 187 644 953 600 007 645 041 570 656 000 171 52;
  • 6) 0.000 011 187 644 953 600 007 645 041 570 656 000 171 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 022 375 289 907 200 015 290 083 141 312 000 343 04;
  • 7) 0.000 022 375 289 907 200 015 290 083 141 312 000 343 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 044 750 579 814 400 030 580 166 282 624 000 686 08;
  • 8) 0.000 044 750 579 814 400 030 580 166 282 624 000 686 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 089 501 159 628 800 061 160 332 565 248 001 372 16;
  • 9) 0.000 089 501 159 628 800 061 160 332 565 248 001 372 16 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 179 002 319 257 600 122 320 665 130 496 002 744 32;
  • 10) 0.000 179 002 319 257 600 122 320 665 130 496 002 744 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 358 004 638 515 200 244 641 330 260 992 005 488 64;
  • 11) 0.000 358 004 638 515 200 244 641 330 260 992 005 488 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 716 009 277 030 400 489 282 660 521 984 010 977 28;
  • 12) 0.000 716 009 277 030 400 489 282 660 521 984 010 977 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 432 018 554 060 800 978 565 321 043 968 021 954 56;
  • 13) 0.001 432 018 554 060 800 978 565 321 043 968 021 954 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.002 864 037 108 121 601 957 130 642 087 936 043 909 12;
  • 14) 0.002 864 037 108 121 601 957 130 642 087 936 043 909 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.005 728 074 216 243 203 914 261 284 175 872 087 818 24;
  • 15) 0.005 728 074 216 243 203 914 261 284 175 872 087 818 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.011 456 148 432 486 407 828 522 568 351 744 175 636 48;
  • 16) 0.011 456 148 432 486 407 828 522 568 351 744 175 636 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.022 912 296 864 972 815 657 045 136 703 488 351 272 96;
  • 17) 0.022 912 296 864 972 815 657 045 136 703 488 351 272 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.045 824 593 729 945 631 314 090 273 406 976 702 545 92;
  • 18) 0.045 824 593 729 945 631 314 090 273 406 976 702 545 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.091 649 187 459 891 262 628 180 546 813 953 405 091 84;
  • 19) 0.091 649 187 459 891 262 628 180 546 813 953 405 091 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.183 298 374 919 782 525 256 361 093 627 906 810 183 68;
  • 20) 0.183 298 374 919 782 525 256 361 093 627 906 810 183 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.366 596 749 839 565 050 512 722 187 255 813 620 367 36;
  • 21) 0.366 596 749 839 565 050 512 722 187 255 813 620 367 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.733 193 499 679 130 101 025 444 374 511 627 240 734 72;
  • 22) 0.733 193 499 679 130 101 025 444 374 511 627 240 734 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.466 386 999 358 260 202 050 888 749 023 254 481 469 44;
  • 23) 0.466 386 999 358 260 202 050 888 749 023 254 481 469 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.932 773 998 716 520 404 101 777 498 046 508 962 938 88;
  • 24) 0.932 773 998 716 520 404 101 777 498 046 508 962 938 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.865 547 997 433 040 808 203 554 996 093 017 925 877 76;
  • 25) 0.865 547 997 433 040 808 203 554 996 093 017 925 877 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.731 095 994 866 081 616 407 109 992 186 035 851 755 52;
  • 26) 0.731 095 994 866 081 616 407 109 992 186 035 851 755 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.462 191 989 732 163 232 814 219 984 372 071 703 511 04;
  • 27) 0.462 191 989 732 163 232 814 219 984 372 071 703 511 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.924 383 979 464 326 465 628 439 968 744 143 407 022 08;
  • 28) 0.924 383 979 464 326 465 628 439 968 744 143 407 022 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.848 767 958 928 652 931 256 879 937 488 286 814 044 16;
  • 29) 0.848 767 958 928 652 931 256 879 937 488 286 814 044 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.697 535 917 857 305 862 513 759 874 976 573 628 088 32;
  • 30) 0.697 535 917 857 305 862 513 759 874 976 573 628 088 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.395 071 835 714 611 725 027 519 749 953 147 256 176 64;
  • 31) 0.395 071 835 714 611 725 027 519 749 953 147 256 176 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.790 143 671 429 223 450 055 039 499 906 294 512 353 28;
  • 32) 0.790 143 671 429 223 450 055 039 499 906 294 512 353 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 287 342 858 446 900 110 078 999 812 589 024 706 56;
  • 33) 0.580 287 342 858 446 900 110 078 999 812 589 024 706 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 574 685 716 893 800 220 157 999 625 178 049 413 12;
  • 34) 0.160 574 685 716 893 800 220 157 999 625 178 049 413 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.321 149 371 433 787 600 440 315 999 250 356 098 826 24;
  • 35) 0.321 149 371 433 787 600 440 315 999 250 356 098 826 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.642 298 742 867 575 200 880 631 998 500 712 197 652 48;
  • 36) 0.642 298 742 867 575 200 880 631 998 500 712 197 652 48 × 2 = 1 + 0.284 597 485 735 150 401 761 263 997 001 424 395 304 96;
  • 37) 0.284 597 485 735 150 401 761 263 997 001 424 395 304 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.569 194 971 470 300 803 522 527 994 002 848 790 609 92;
  • 38) 0.569 194 971 470 300 803 522 527 994 002 848 790 609 92 × 2 = 1 + 0.138 389 942 940 601 607 045 055 988 005 697 581 219 84;
  • 39) 0.138 389 942 940 601 607 045 055 988 005 697 581 219 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.276 779 885 881 203 214 090 111 976 011 395 162 439 68;
  • 40) 0.276 779 885 881 203 214 090 111 976 011 395 162 439 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.553 559 771 762 406 428 180 223 952 022 790 324 879 36;
  • 41) 0.553 559 771 762 406 428 180 223 952 022 790 324 879 36 × 2 = 1 + 0.107 119 543 524 812 856 360 447 904 045 580 649 758 72;
  • 42) 0.107 119 543 524 812 856 360 447 904 045 580 649 758 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.214 239 087 049 625 712 720 895 808 091 161 299 517 44;
  • 43) 0.214 239 087 049 625 712 720 895 808 091 161 299 517 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.428 478 174 099 251 425 441 791 616 182 322 599 034 88;
  • 44) 0.428 478 174 099 251 425 441 791 616 182 322 599 034 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.856 956 348 198 502 850 883 583 232 364 645 198 069 76;
  • 45) 0.856 956 348 198 502 850 883 583 232 364 645 198 069 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.713 912 696 397 005 701 767 166 464 729 290 396 139 52;
  • 46) 0.713 912 696 397 005 701 767 166 464 729 290 396 139 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.427 825 392 794 011 403 534 332 929 458 580 792 279 04;
  • 47) 0.427 825 392 794 011 403 534 332 929 458 580 792 279 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.855 650 785 588 022 807 068 665 858 917 161 584 558 08;
  • 48) 0.855 650 785 588 022 807 068 665 858 917 161 584 558 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.711 301 571 176 045 614 137 331 717 834 323 169 116 16;
  • 49) 0.711 301 571 176 045 614 137 331 717 834 323 169 116 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.422 603 142 352 091 228 274 663 435 668 646 338 232 32;
  • 50) 0.422 603 142 352 091 228 274 663 435 668 646 338 232 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.845 206 284 704 182 456 549 326 871 337 292 676 464 64;
  • 51) 0.845 206 284 704 182 456 549 326 871 337 292 676 464 64 × 2 = 1 + 0.690 412 569 408 364 913 098 653 742 674 585 352 929 28;
  • 52) 0.690 412 569 408 364 913 098 653 742 674 585 352 929 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.380 825 138 816 729 826 197 307 485 349 170 705 858 56;
  • 53) 0.380 825 138 816 729 826 197 307 485 349 170 705 858 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.761 650 277 633 459 652 394 614 970 698 341 411 717 12;
  • 54) 0.761 650 277 633 459 652 394 614 970 698 341 411 717 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.523 300 555 266 919 304 789 229 941 396 682 823 434 24;
  • 55) 0.523 300 555 266 919 304 789 229 941 396 682 823 434 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.046 601 110 533 838 609 578 459 882 793 365 646 868 48;
  • 56) 0.046 601 110 533 838 609 578 459 882 793 365 646 868 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.093 202 221 067 677 219 156 919 765 586 731 293 736 96;
  • 57) 0.093 202 221 067 677 219 156 919 765 586 731 293 736 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.186 404 442 135 354 438 313 839 531 173 462 587 473 92;
  • 58) 0.186 404 442 135 354 438 313 839 531 173 462 587 473 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.372 808 884 270 708 876 627 679 062 346 925 174 947 84;
  • 59) 0.372 808 884 270 708 876 627 679 062 346 925 174 947 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.745 617 768 541 417 753 255 358 124 693 850 349 895 68;
  • 60) 0.745 617 768 541 417 753 255 358 124 693 850 349 895 68 × 2 = 1 + 0.491 235 537 082 835 506 510 716 249 387 700 699 791 36;
  • 61) 0.491 235 537 082 835 506 510 716 249 387 700 699 791 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.982 471 074 165 671 013 021 432 498 775 401 399 582 72;
  • 62) 0.982 471 074 165 671 013 021 432 498 775 401 399 582 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.964 942 148 331 342 026 042 864 997 550 802 799 165 44;
  • 63) 0.964 942 148 331 342 026 042 864 997 550 802 799 165 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.929 884 296 662 684 052 085 729 995 101 605 598 330 88;
  • 64) 0.929 884 296 662 684 052 085 729 995 101 605 598 330 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.859 768 593 325 368 104 171 459 990 203 211 196 661 76;
  • 65) 0.859 768 593 325 368 104 171 459 990 203 211 196 661 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.719 537 186 650 736 208 342 919 980 406 422 393 323 52;
  • 66) 0.719 537 186 650 736 208 342 919 980 406 422 393 323 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.439 074 373 301 472 416 685 839 960 812 844 786 647 04;
  • 67) 0.439 074 373 301 472 416 685 839 960 812 844 786 647 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.878 148 746 602 944 833 371 679 921 625 689 573 294 08;
  • 68) 0.878 148 746 602 944 833 371 679 921 625 689 573 294 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.756 297 493 205 889 666 743 359 843 251 379 146 588 16;
  • 69) 0.756 297 493 205 889 666 743 359 843 251 379 146 588 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.512 594 986 411 779 333 486 719 686 502 758 293 176 32;
  • 70) 0.512 594 986 411 779 333 486 719 686 502 758 293 176 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.025 189 972 823 558 666 973 439 373 005 516 586 352 64;
  • 71) 0.025 189 972 823 558 666 973 439 373 005 516 586 352 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.050 379 945 647 117 333 946 878 746 011 033 172 705 28;
  • 72) 0.050 379 945 647 117 333 946 878 746 011 033 172 705 28 × 2 = 0 + 0.100 759 891 294 234 667 893 757 492 022 066 345 410 56;
  • 73) 0.100 759 891 294 234 667 893 757 492 022 066 345 410 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.201 519 782 588 469 335 787 514 984 044 132 690 821 12;
  • 74) 0.201 519 782 588 469 335 787 514 984 044 132 690 821 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.403 039 565 176 938 671 575 029 968 088 265 381 642 24;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0101 1101 1101 1001 0100 1000 1101 1011 0110 0001 0111 1101 1100 00(2)

6. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0101 1101 1101 1001 0100 1000 1101 1011 0110 0001 0111 1101 1100 00(2)

7. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 22 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0101 1101 1101 1001 0100 1000 1101 1011 0110 0001 0111 1101 1100 00(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0101 1101 1101 1001 0100 1000 1101 1011 0110 0001 0111 1101 1100 00(2) × 20 =

1.0111 0111 0110 0101 0010 0011 0110 1101 1000 0101 1111 0111 0000(2) × 2-22


8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 1 (a negative number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -22

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.0111 0111 0110 0101 0010 0011 0110 1101 1000 0101 1111 0111 0000


9. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 11 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 =

-22 + 2(11-1) - 1 =

(-22 + 1 023)(10) =

1 001(10)


10. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 1 001 ÷ 2 = 500 + 1;
  • 500 ÷ 2 = 250 + 0;
  • 250 ÷ 2 = 125 + 0;
  • 125 ÷ 2 = 62 + 1;
  • 62 ÷ 2 = 31 + 0;
  • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

11. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

1001(10) =

011 1110 1001(2)


12. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 52 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 0111 0111 0110 0101 0010 0011 0110 1101 1000 0101 1111 0111 0000 =

0111 0111 0110 0101 0010 0011 0110 1101 1000 0101 1111 0111 0000


13. The three elements that make up the number's 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
1 (a negative number)

Exponent (11 bits) =
011 1110 1001

Mantissa (52 bits) =
0111 0111 0110 0101 0010 0011 0110 1101 1000 0101 1111 0111 0000


Decimal number -0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 005 36 converted to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

1 - 011 1110 1001 - 0111 0111 0110 0101 0010 0011 0110 1101 1000 0101 1111 0111 0000

» Convert decimal -0.000 000 349 613 904 800 000 238 907 549 083 000 006 04 to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard

» Calculations Performed by Our Visitors: Decimal Numbers Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard. Data organized on a Monthly Basis

» Month 10, 2026 [October]: Decimal Numbers Converted to 64 Bit Double Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard. Calculations performed during the month of: October - by our visitors

How to convert numbers from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders from the previous operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the list constructed above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark (the decimal point) "n" positions either to the left, or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal mark.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal mark, if the case) and adjust its length to 52 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra bits set on '0' to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -31.640 215 from the decimal system (base ten) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-31.640 215| = 31.640 215

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 31. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    31(10) = 1 1111(2)

  • 4. Then, convert the fractional part, 0.640 215. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.640 215 × 2 = 1 + 0.280 43;
    • 2) 0.280 43 × 2 = 0 + 0.560 86;
    • 3) 0.560 86 × 2 = 1 + 0.121 72;
    • 4) 0.121 72 × 2 = 0 + 0.243 44;
    • 5) 0.243 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.486 88;
    • 6) 0.486 88 × 2 = 0 + 0.973 76;
    • 7) 0.973 76 × 2 = 1 + 0.947 52;
    • 8) 0.947 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.895 04;
    • 9) 0.895 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.790 08;
    • 10) 0.790 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.580 16;
    • 11) 0.580 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.160 32;
    • 12) 0.160 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.320 64;
    • 13) 0.320 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.641 28;
    • 14) 0.641 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.282 56;
    • 15) 0.282 56 × 2 = 0 + 0.565 12;
    • 16) 0.565 12 × 2 = 1 + 0.130 24;
    • 17) 0.130 24 × 2 = 0 + 0.260 48;
    • 18) 0.260 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.520 96;
    • 19) 0.520 96 × 2 = 1 + 0.041 92;
    • 20) 0.041 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.083 84;
    • 21) 0.083 84 × 2 = 0 + 0.167 68;
    • 22) 0.167 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.335 36;
    • 23) 0.335 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.670 72;
    • 24) 0.670 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.341 44;
    • 25) 0.341 44 × 2 = 0 + 0.682 88;
    • 26) 0.682 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.365 76;
    • 27) 0.365 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.731 52;
    • 28) 0.731 52 × 2 = 1 + 0.463 04;
    • 29) 0.463 04 × 2 = 0 + 0.926 08;
    • 30) 0.926 08 × 2 = 1 + 0.852 16;
    • 31) 0.852 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.704 32;
    • 32) 0.704 32 × 2 = 1 + 0.408 64;
    • 33) 0.408 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.817 28;
    • 34) 0.817 28 × 2 = 1 + 0.634 56;
    • 35) 0.634 56 × 2 = 1 + 0.269 12;
    • 36) 0.269 12 × 2 = 0 + 0.538 24;
    • 37) 0.538 24 × 2 = 1 + 0.076 48;
    • 38) 0.076 48 × 2 = 0 + 0.152 96;
    • 39) 0.152 96 × 2 = 0 + 0.305 92;
    • 40) 0.305 92 × 2 = 0 + 0.611 84;
    • 41) 0.611 84 × 2 = 1 + 0.223 68;
    • 42) 0.223 68 × 2 = 0 + 0.447 36;
    • 43) 0.447 36 × 2 = 0 + 0.894 72;
    • 44) 0.894 72 × 2 = 1 + 0.789 44;
    • 45) 0.789 44 × 2 = 1 + 0.578 88;
    • 46) 0.578 88 × 2 = 1 + 0.157 76;
    • 47) 0.157 76 × 2 = 0 + 0.315 52;
    • 48) 0.315 52 × 2 = 0 + 0.631 04;
    • 49) 0.631 04 × 2 = 1 + 0.262 08;
    • 50) 0.262 08 × 2 = 0 + 0.524 16;
    • 51) 0.524 16 × 2 = 1 + 0.048 32;
    • 52) 0.048 32 × 2 = 0 + 0.096 64;
    • 53) 0.096 64 × 2 = 0 + 0.193 28;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 52) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.640 215(10) = 0.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    31.640 215(10) = 1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal mark 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal mark:

    31.640 215(10) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) =
    1 1111.1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 20 =
    1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 11 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 11 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as shown above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(11-1) - 1 = (4 + 1023)(10) = 1027(10) =
    100 0000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign) and adjust its length to 52 bits, by removing the excess bits, from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100 1010 0

    Mantissa (normalized): 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 100 0000 0011

    Mantissa (52 bits) = 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100

  • Number -31.640 215, converted from decimal system (base 10) to 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 100 0000 0011 - 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 1001 1100