-0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8 Converted to 32 Bit Single Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard

Convert decimal -0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8(10) to 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard (1 bit for sign, 8 bits for exponent, 23 bits for mantissa)

What are the steps to convert decimal number
-0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8(10) to 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation (1 bit for sign, 8 bits for exponent, 23 bits for mantissa)

1. Start with the positive version of the number:

|-0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8| = 0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8


2. First, convert to binary (in base 2) the integer part: 0.
Divide the number repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 0 ÷ 2 = 0 + 0;

3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

0(10) =

0(2)


4. Convert to binary (base 2) the fractional part: 0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8.

Multiply it repeatedly by 2.

Keep track of each integer part of the results.

Stop when we get a fractional part that is equal to zero.


  • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
  • 1) 0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 001 484 295 353 293 373 6;
  • 2) 0.000 000 001 484 295 353 293 373 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 002 968 590 706 586 747 2;
  • 3) 0.000 000 002 968 590 706 586 747 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 005 937 181 413 173 494 4;
  • 4) 0.000 000 005 937 181 413 173 494 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 011 874 362 826 346 988 8;
  • 5) 0.000 000 011 874 362 826 346 988 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 023 748 725 652 693 977 6;
  • 6) 0.000 000 023 748 725 652 693 977 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 047 497 451 305 387 955 2;
  • 7) 0.000 000 047 497 451 305 387 955 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 094 994 902 610 775 910 4;
  • 8) 0.000 000 094 994 902 610 775 910 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 189 989 805 221 551 820 8;
  • 9) 0.000 000 189 989 805 221 551 820 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 379 979 610 443 103 641 6;
  • 10) 0.000 000 379 979 610 443 103 641 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 000 759 959 220 886 207 283 2;
  • 11) 0.000 000 759 959 220 886 207 283 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 001 519 918 441 772 414 566 4;
  • 12) 0.000 001 519 918 441 772 414 566 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 003 039 836 883 544 829 132 8;
  • 13) 0.000 003 039 836 883 544 829 132 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 006 079 673 767 089 658 265 6;
  • 14) 0.000 006 079 673 767 089 658 265 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 012 159 347 534 179 316 531 2;
  • 15) 0.000 012 159 347 534 179 316 531 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 024 318 695 068 358 633 062 4;
  • 16) 0.000 024 318 695 068 358 633 062 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 048 637 390 136 717 266 124 8;
  • 17) 0.000 048 637 390 136 717 266 124 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 097 274 780 273 434 532 249 6;
  • 18) 0.000 097 274 780 273 434 532 249 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 194 549 560 546 869 064 499 2;
  • 19) 0.000 194 549 560 546 869 064 499 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 389 099 121 093 738 128 998 4;
  • 20) 0.000 389 099 121 093 738 128 998 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.000 778 198 242 187 476 257 996 8;
  • 21) 0.000 778 198 242 187 476 257 996 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.001 556 396 484 374 952 515 993 6;
  • 22) 0.001 556 396 484 374 952 515 993 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.003 112 792 968 749 905 031 987 2;
  • 23) 0.003 112 792 968 749 905 031 987 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.006 225 585 937 499 810 063 974 4;
  • 24) 0.006 225 585 937 499 810 063 974 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.012 451 171 874 999 620 127 948 8;
  • 25) 0.012 451 171 874 999 620 127 948 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.024 902 343 749 999 240 255 897 6;
  • 26) 0.024 902 343 749 999 240 255 897 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.049 804 687 499 998 480 511 795 2;
  • 27) 0.049 804 687 499 998 480 511 795 2 × 2 = 0 + 0.099 609 374 999 996 961 023 590 4;
  • 28) 0.099 609 374 999 996 961 023 590 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.199 218 749 999 993 922 047 180 8;
  • 29) 0.199 218 749 999 993 922 047 180 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.398 437 499 999 987 844 094 361 6;
  • 30) 0.398 437 499 999 987 844 094 361 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.796 874 999 999 975 688 188 723 2;
  • 31) 0.796 874 999 999 975 688 188 723 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.593 749 999 999 951 376 377 446 4;
  • 32) 0.593 749 999 999 951 376 377 446 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.187 499 999 999 902 752 754 892 8;
  • 33) 0.187 499 999 999 902 752 754 892 8 × 2 = 0 + 0.374 999 999 999 805 505 509 785 6;
  • 34) 0.374 999 999 999 805 505 509 785 6 × 2 = 0 + 0.749 999 999 999 611 011 019 571 2;
  • 35) 0.749 999 999 999 611 011 019 571 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.499 999 999 999 222 022 039 142 4;
  • 36) 0.499 999 999 999 222 022 039 142 4 × 2 = 0 + 0.999 999 999 998 444 044 078 284 8;
  • 37) 0.999 999 999 998 444 044 078 284 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 996 888 088 156 569 6;
  • 38) 0.999 999 999 996 888 088 156 569 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 993 776 176 313 139 2;
  • 39) 0.999 999 999 993 776 176 313 139 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 987 552 352 626 278 4;
  • 40) 0.999 999 999 987 552 352 626 278 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 975 104 705 252 556 8;
  • 41) 0.999 999 999 975 104 705 252 556 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 950 209 410 505 113 6;
  • 42) 0.999 999 999 950 209 410 505 113 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 900 418 821 010 227 2;
  • 43) 0.999 999 999 900 418 821 010 227 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 800 837 642 020 454 4;
  • 44) 0.999 999 999 800 837 642 020 454 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 601 675 284 040 908 8;
  • 45) 0.999 999 999 601 675 284 040 908 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 999 203 350 568 081 817 6;
  • 46) 0.999 999 999 203 350 568 081 817 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 998 406 701 136 163 635 2;
  • 47) 0.999 999 998 406 701 136 163 635 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 996 813 402 272 327 270 4;
  • 48) 0.999 999 996 813 402 272 327 270 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 993 626 804 544 654 540 8;
  • 49) 0.999 999 993 626 804 544 654 540 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 987 253 609 089 309 081 6;
  • 50) 0.999 999 987 253 609 089 309 081 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 974 507 218 178 618 163 2;
  • 51) 0.999 999 974 507 218 178 618 163 2 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 949 014 436 357 236 326 4;
  • 52) 0.999 999 949 014 436 357 236 326 4 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 898 028 872 714 472 652 8;
  • 53) 0.999 999 898 028 872 714 472 652 8 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 796 057 745 428 945 305 6;
  • 54) 0.999 999 796 057 745 428 945 305 6 × 2 = 1 + 0.999 999 592 115 490 857 890 611 2;

We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit) and at least one integer that was different from zero => FULL STOP (Losing precision - the converted number we get in the end will be just a very good approximation of the initial one).


5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number.

Take all the integer parts of the multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:


0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111 11(2)

6. Positive number before normalization:

0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111 11(2)

7. Normalize the binary representation of the number.

Shift the decimal mark 31 positions to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of it:


0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8(10) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111 11(2) =

0.0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0011 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111 11(2) × 20 =

1.1001 0111 1111 1111 1111 111(2) × 2-31


8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign 1 (a negative number)

Exponent (unadjusted): -31

Mantissa (not normalized):
1.1001 0111 1111 1111 1111 111


9. Adjust the exponent.

Use the 8 bit excess/bias notation:


Exponent (adjusted) =

Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(8-1) - 1 =

-31 + 2(8-1) - 1 =

(-31 + 127)(10) =

96(10)


10. Convert the adjusted exponent from the decimal (base 10) to 8 bit binary.

Use the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2:


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 96 ÷ 2 = 48 + 0;
  • 48 ÷ 2 = 24 + 0;
  • 24 ÷ 2 = 12 + 0;
  • 12 ÷ 2 = 6 + 0;
  • 6 ÷ 2 = 3 + 0;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

11. Construct the base 2 representation of the adjusted exponent.

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.


Exponent (adjusted) =

96(10) =

0110 0000(2)


12. Normalize the mantissa.

a) Remove the leading (the leftmost) bit, since it's allways 1, and the decimal point, if the case.

b) Adjust its length to 23 bits, only if necessary (not the case here).


Mantissa (normalized) =

1. 100 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111 =

100 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111


13. The three elements that make up the number's 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

Sign (1 bit) =
1 (a negative number)

Exponent (8 bits) =
0110 0000

Mantissa (23 bits) =
100 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111


Decimal number -0.000 000 000 742 147 676 646 686 8 converted to 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation:

1 - 0110 0000 - 100 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111

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How to convert decimal numbers from base ten to 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard

Follow the steps below to convert a base 10 decimal number to 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its the positive version.
  • 2. First convert the integer part. Divide repeatedly by 2 the base ten positive representation of the integer number that is to be converted to binary, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero, keeping track of each remainder.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive integer part of the number, by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Then convert the fractional part. Multiply the number repeatedly by 2, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero, keeping track of each integer part of the results.
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above (they should appear in the binary representation, from left to right, in the order they have been calculated).
  • 6. Normalize the binary representation of the number, by shifting the decimal point (or if you prefer, the decimal mark) "n" positions either to the left or to the right, so that only one non zero digit remains to the left of the decimal point.
  • 7. Adjust the exponent in 8 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 8 bit binary, by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing by 2, as shown above:
    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(8-1) - 1
  • 8. Normalize mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal sign if the case) and adjust its length to 23 bits, either by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...) or by adding extra '0' bits to the right.
  • 9. Sign (it takes 1 bit) is either 1 for a negative or 0 for a positive number.

Example: convert the negative number -25.347 from decimal system (base ten) to 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number:

    |-25.347| = 25.347

  • 2. First convert the integer part, 25. Divide it repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder;
    • 25 ÷ 2 = 12 + 1;
    • 12 ÷ 2 = 6 + 0;
    • 6 ÷ 2 = 3 + 0;
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;
    • We have encountered a quotient that is ZERO => FULL STOP
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the integer part of the number by taking all the remainders of the previous dividing operations, starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:

    25(10) = 1 1001(2)

  • 4. Then convert the fractional part, 0.347. Multiply repeatedly by 2, keeping track of each integer part of the results, until we get a fractional part that is equal to zero:
    • #) multiplying = integer + fractional part;
    • 1) 0.347 × 2 = 0 + 0.694;
    • 2) 0.694 × 2 = 1 + 0.388;
    • 3) 0.388 × 2 = 0 + 0.776;
    • 4) 0.776 × 2 = 1 + 0.552;
    • 5) 0.552 × 2 = 1 + 0.104;
    • 6) 0.104 × 2 = 0 + 0.208;
    • 7) 0.208 × 2 = 0 + 0.416;
    • 8) 0.416 × 2 = 0 + 0.832;
    • 9) 0.832 × 2 = 1 + 0.664;
    • 10) 0.664 × 2 = 1 + 0.328;
    • 11) 0.328 × 2 = 0 + 0.656;
    • 12) 0.656 × 2 = 1 + 0.312;
    • 13) 0.312 × 2 = 0 + 0.624;
    • 14) 0.624 × 2 = 1 + 0.248;
    • 15) 0.248 × 2 = 0 + 0.496;
    • 16) 0.496 × 2 = 0 + 0.992;
    • 17) 0.992 × 2 = 1 + 0.984;
    • 18) 0.984 × 2 = 1 + 0.968;
    • 19) 0.968 × 2 = 1 + 0.936;
    • 20) 0.936 × 2 = 1 + 0.872;
    • 21) 0.872 × 2 = 1 + 0.744;
    • 22) 0.744 × 2 = 1 + 0.488;
    • 23) 0.488 × 2 = 0 + 0.976;
    • 24) 0.976 × 2 = 1 + 0.952;
    • We didn't get any fractional part that was equal to zero. But we had enough iterations (over Mantissa limit = 23) and at least one integer part that was different from zero => FULL STOP (losing precision...).
  • 5. Construct the base 2 representation of the fractional part of the number, by taking all the integer parts of the previous multiplying operations, starting from the top of the constructed list above:

    0.347(10) = 0.0101 1000 1101 0100 1111 1101(2)

  • 6. Summarizing - the positive number before normalization:

    25.347(10) = 1 1001.0101 1000 1101 0100 1111 1101(2)

  • 7. Normalize the binary representation of the number, shifting the decimal point 4 positions to the left so that only one non-zero digit stays to the left of the decimal point:

    25.347(10) =
    1 1001.0101 1000 1101 0100 1111 1101(2) =
    1 1001.0101 1000 1101 0100 1111 1101(2) × 20 =
    1.1001 0101 1000 1101 0100 1111 1101(2) × 24

  • 8. Up to this moment, there are the following elements that would feed into the 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point:

    Sign: 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (unadjusted): 4

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1001 0101 1000 1101 0100 1111 1101

  • 9. Adjust the exponent in 8 bit excess/bias notation and then convert it from decimal (base 10) to 8 bit binary (base 2), by using the same technique of repeatedly dividing it by 2, as already demonstrated above:

    Exponent (adjusted) = Exponent (unadjusted) + 2(8-1) - 1 = (4 + 127)(10) = 131(10) =
    1000 0011(2)

  • 10. Normalize the mantissa, remove the leading (leftmost) bit, since it's allways '1' (and the decimal point) and adjust its length to 23 bits, by removing the excess bits from the right (losing precision...):

    Mantissa (not-normalized): 1.1001 0101 1000 1101 0100 1111 1101

    Mantissa (normalized): 100 1010 1100 0110 1010 0111

  • Conclusion:

    Sign (1 bit) = 1 (a negative number)

    Exponent (8 bits) = 1000 0011

    Mantissa (23 bits) = 100 1010 1100 0110 1010 0111

  • Number -25.347, converted from the decimal system (base 10) to 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point =
    1 - 1000 0011 - 100 1010 1100 0110 1010 0111