Convert -42 949 666 851 to a Signed Binary (Base 2)

How to convert -42 949 666 851(10), a signed base 10 integer number? How to write it as a signed binary code in base 2

What are the required steps to convert base 10 integer
number -42 949 666 851 to signed binary code (in base 2)?

  • A signed integer, written in base ten, or a decimal system number, is a number written using the digits 0 through 9 and the sign, which can be positive (+) or negative (-). If positive, the sign is usually not written. A number written in base two, or binary, is a number written using only the digits 0 and 1.

1. Start with the positive version of the number:

|-42 949 666 851| = 42 949 666 851

2. Divide the number repeatedly by 2:

Keep track of each remainder.

Stop when you get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 42 949 666 851 ÷ 2 = 21 474 833 425 + 1;
  • 21 474 833 425 ÷ 2 = 10 737 416 712 + 1;
  • 10 737 416 712 ÷ 2 = 5 368 708 356 + 0;
  • 5 368 708 356 ÷ 2 = 2 684 354 178 + 0;
  • 2 684 354 178 ÷ 2 = 1 342 177 089 + 0;
  • 1 342 177 089 ÷ 2 = 671 088 544 + 1;
  • 671 088 544 ÷ 2 = 335 544 272 + 0;
  • 335 544 272 ÷ 2 = 167 772 136 + 0;
  • 167 772 136 ÷ 2 = 83 886 068 + 0;
  • 83 886 068 ÷ 2 = 41 943 034 + 0;
  • 41 943 034 ÷ 2 = 20 971 517 + 0;
  • 20 971 517 ÷ 2 = 10 485 758 + 1;
  • 10 485 758 ÷ 2 = 5 242 879 + 0;
  • 5 242 879 ÷ 2 = 2 621 439 + 1;
  • 2 621 439 ÷ 2 = 1 310 719 + 1;
  • 1 310 719 ÷ 2 = 655 359 + 1;
  • 655 359 ÷ 2 = 327 679 + 1;
  • 327 679 ÷ 2 = 163 839 + 1;
  • 163 839 ÷ 2 = 81 919 + 1;
  • 81 919 ÷ 2 = 40 959 + 1;
  • 40 959 ÷ 2 = 20 479 + 1;
  • 20 479 ÷ 2 = 10 239 + 1;
  • 10 239 ÷ 2 = 5 119 + 1;
  • 5 119 ÷ 2 = 2 559 + 1;
  • 2 559 ÷ 2 = 1 279 + 1;
  • 1 279 ÷ 2 = 639 + 1;
  • 639 ÷ 2 = 319 + 1;
  • 319 ÷ 2 = 159 + 1;
  • 159 ÷ 2 = 79 + 1;
  • 79 ÷ 2 = 39 + 1;
  • 39 ÷ 2 = 19 + 1;
  • 19 ÷ 2 = 9 + 1;
  • 9 ÷ 2 = 4 + 1;
  • 4 ÷ 2 = 2 + 0;
  • 2 ÷ 2 = 1 + 0;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number:

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

42 949 666 851(10) = 1001 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 1000 0010 0011(2)


4. Determine the signed binary number bit length:

  • The base 2 number's actual length, in bits: 36.

  • A signed binary's bit length must be equal to a power of 2, as of:
  • 21 = 2; 22 = 4; 23 = 8; 24 = 16; 25 = 32; 26 = 64; ...
  • The first bit (the leftmost) is reserved for the sign:
  • 0 = positive integer number, 1 = negative integer number

The least number that is:

1) a power of 2

2) and is larger than the actual length, 36,

3) so that the first bit (leftmost) could be zero
(we deal with a positive number at this moment)

=== is: 64.


5. Get the positive binary computer representation on 64 bits (8 Bytes):

If needed, add extra 0s in front (to the left) of the base 2 number, up to the required length, 64:


42 949 666 851(10) = 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 1000 0010 0011

6. Get the negative integer number representation:

To get the negative integer number representation on 64 bits (8 Bytes),

... change the first bit (the leftmost), from 0 to 1...


-42 949 666 851(10) Base 10 integer number converted and written as a signed binary code (in base 2):

-42 949 666 851(10) = 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 1000 0010 0011

Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.

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How to convert signed base 10 integers in decimal to binary code system

Follow the steps below to convert a signed base ten integer number to signed binary:

  • 1. In a signed binary, first bit (the leftmost) is reserved for sign: 0 = positive integer number, 1 = positive integer number. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its positive version.
  • 2. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive integer number keeping track of each remainder. STOP when we get a quotient that is ZERO.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Binary numbers represented in computer language have a length of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ... bits (power of 2) - if needed, fill in extra '0' bits in front of the base 2 number (to the left), up to the right length; this way the first bit (the leftmost one) is always '0', as for a positive representation.
  • 5. To get the negative reprezentation of the number, simply switch the first bit (the leftmost one), from '0' to '1'.

Example: convert the negative number -63 from decimal system (base ten) to signed binary code system:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number: |-63| = 63;
  • 2. Divide repeatedly 63 by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder
    • 63 ÷ 2 = 31 + 1
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:
    63(10) = 11 1111(2)
  • 4. The actual length of base 2 representation number is 6, so the positive binary computer representation length of the signed binary will take in this case 8 bits (the least power of 2 higher than 6) - add extra '0's in front (to the left), up to the required length; this way the first bit (the leftmost one) is to be '0', as for a positive number:
    63(10) = 0011 1111(2)
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation simply change the first bit (the leftmost), from '0' to '1':
    -63(10) = 1011 1111
  • Number -63(10), signed integer, converted from decimal system (base 10) to signed binary = 1011 1111