Convert -2 146 322 991 to a Signed Binary (Base 2)

How to convert -2 146 322 991(10), a signed base 10 integer number? How to write it as a signed binary code in base 2

What are the required steps to convert base 10 integer
number -2 146 322 991 to signed binary code (in base 2)?

  • A signed integer, written in base ten, or a decimal system number, is a number written using the digits 0 through 9 and the sign, which can be positive (+) or negative (-). If positive, the sign is usually not written. A number written in base two, or binary, is a number written using only the digits 0 and 1.

1. Start with the positive version of the number:

|-2 146 322 991| = 2 146 322 991

2. Divide the number repeatedly by 2:

Keep track of each remainder.

Stop when you get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 2 146 322 991 ÷ 2 = 1 073 161 495 + 1;
  • 1 073 161 495 ÷ 2 = 536 580 747 + 1;
  • 536 580 747 ÷ 2 = 268 290 373 + 1;
  • 268 290 373 ÷ 2 = 134 145 186 + 1;
  • 134 145 186 ÷ 2 = 67 072 593 + 0;
  • 67 072 593 ÷ 2 = 33 536 296 + 1;
  • 33 536 296 ÷ 2 = 16 768 148 + 0;
  • 16 768 148 ÷ 2 = 8 384 074 + 0;
  • 8 384 074 ÷ 2 = 4 192 037 + 0;
  • 4 192 037 ÷ 2 = 2 096 018 + 1;
  • 2 096 018 ÷ 2 = 1 048 009 + 0;
  • 1 048 009 ÷ 2 = 524 004 + 1;
  • 524 004 ÷ 2 = 262 002 + 0;
  • 262 002 ÷ 2 = 131 001 + 0;
  • 131 001 ÷ 2 = 65 500 + 1;
  • 65 500 ÷ 2 = 32 750 + 0;
  • 32 750 ÷ 2 = 16 375 + 0;
  • 16 375 ÷ 2 = 8 187 + 1;
  • 8 187 ÷ 2 = 4 093 + 1;
  • 4 093 ÷ 2 = 2 046 + 1;
  • 2 046 ÷ 2 = 1 023 + 0;
  • 1 023 ÷ 2 = 511 + 1;
  • 511 ÷ 2 = 255 + 1;
  • 255 ÷ 2 = 127 + 1;
  • 127 ÷ 2 = 63 + 1;
  • 63 ÷ 2 = 31 + 1;
  • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number:

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

2 146 322 991(10) = 111 1111 1110 1110 0100 1010 0010 1111(2)


4. Determine the signed binary number bit length:

  • The base 2 number's actual length, in bits: 31.

  • A signed binary's bit length must be equal to a power of 2, as of:
  • 21 = 2; 22 = 4; 23 = 8; 24 = 16; 25 = 32; 26 = 64; ...
  • The first bit (the leftmost) is reserved for the sign:
  • 0 = positive integer number, 1 = negative integer number

The least number that is:

1) a power of 2

2) and is larger than the actual length, 31,

3) so that the first bit (leftmost) could be zero
(we deal with a positive number at this moment)

=== is: 32.


5. Get the positive binary computer representation on 32 bits (4 Bytes):

If needed, add extra 0s in front (to the left) of the base 2 number, up to the required length, 32:


2 146 322 991(10) = 0111 1111 1110 1110 0100 1010 0010 1111

6. Get the negative integer number representation:

To get the negative integer number representation on 32 bits (4 Bytes),

... change the first bit (the leftmost), from 0 to 1...


-2 146 322 991(10) Base 10 integer number converted and written as a signed binary code (in base 2):

-2 146 322 991(10) = 1111 1111 1110 1110 0100 1010 0010 1111

Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.

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How to convert signed base 10 integers in decimal to binary code system

Follow the steps below to convert a signed base ten integer number to signed binary:

  • 1. In a signed binary, first bit (the leftmost) is reserved for sign: 0 = positive integer number, 1 = positive integer number. If the number to be converted is negative, start with its positive version.
  • 2. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive integer number keeping track of each remainder. STOP when we get a quotient that is ZERO.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Binary numbers represented in computer language have a length of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ... bits (power of 2) - if needed, fill in extra '0' bits in front of the base 2 number (to the left), up to the right length; this way the first bit (the leftmost one) is always '0', as for a positive representation.
  • 5. To get the negative reprezentation of the number, simply switch the first bit (the leftmost one), from '0' to '1'.

Example: convert the negative number -63 from decimal system (base ten) to signed binary code system:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number: |-63| = 63;
  • 2. Divide repeatedly 63 by 2, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is equal to zero:
    • division = quotient + remainder
    • 63 ÷ 2 = 31 + 1
    • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:
    63(10) = 11 1111(2)
  • 4. The actual length of base 2 representation number is 6, so the positive binary computer representation length of the signed binary will take in this case 8 bits (the least power of 2 higher than 6) - add extra '0's in front (to the left), up to the required length; this way the first bit (the leftmost one) is to be '0', as for a positive number:
    63(10) = 0011 1111(2)
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation simply change the first bit (the leftmost), from '0' to '1':
    -63(10) = 1011 1111
  • Number -63(10), signed integer, converted from decimal system (base 10) to signed binary = 1011 1111