Convert 57 318 479 821 to a Signed Binary in Two's (2's) Complement Representation

How to convert decimal number 57 318 479 821(10) to a signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation

What are the steps to convert decimal number
57 318 479 821 to a signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation?

  • A signed integer, written in base ten, or a decimal system number, is a number written using the digits 0 through 9 and the sign, which can be positive (+) or negative (-). If positive, the sign is usually not written. A number written in base two, or binary, is a number written using only the digits 0 and 1.

1. Divide the number repeatedly by 2:

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 57 318 479 821 ÷ 2 = 28 659 239 910 + 1;
  • 28 659 239 910 ÷ 2 = 14 329 619 955 + 0;
  • 14 329 619 955 ÷ 2 = 7 164 809 977 + 1;
  • 7 164 809 977 ÷ 2 = 3 582 404 988 + 1;
  • 3 582 404 988 ÷ 2 = 1 791 202 494 + 0;
  • 1 791 202 494 ÷ 2 = 895 601 247 + 0;
  • 895 601 247 ÷ 2 = 447 800 623 + 1;
  • 447 800 623 ÷ 2 = 223 900 311 + 1;
  • 223 900 311 ÷ 2 = 111 950 155 + 1;
  • 111 950 155 ÷ 2 = 55 975 077 + 1;
  • 55 975 077 ÷ 2 = 27 987 538 + 1;
  • 27 987 538 ÷ 2 = 13 993 769 + 0;
  • 13 993 769 ÷ 2 = 6 996 884 + 1;
  • 6 996 884 ÷ 2 = 3 498 442 + 0;
  • 3 498 442 ÷ 2 = 1 749 221 + 0;
  • 1 749 221 ÷ 2 = 874 610 + 1;
  • 874 610 ÷ 2 = 437 305 + 0;
  • 437 305 ÷ 2 = 218 652 + 1;
  • 218 652 ÷ 2 = 109 326 + 0;
  • 109 326 ÷ 2 = 54 663 + 0;
  • 54 663 ÷ 2 = 27 331 + 1;
  • 27 331 ÷ 2 = 13 665 + 1;
  • 13 665 ÷ 2 = 6 832 + 1;
  • 6 832 ÷ 2 = 3 416 + 0;
  • 3 416 ÷ 2 = 1 708 + 0;
  • 1 708 ÷ 2 = 854 + 0;
  • 854 ÷ 2 = 427 + 0;
  • 427 ÷ 2 = 213 + 1;
  • 213 ÷ 2 = 106 + 1;
  • 106 ÷ 2 = 53 + 0;
  • 53 ÷ 2 = 26 + 1;
  • 26 ÷ 2 = 13 + 0;
  • 13 ÷ 2 = 6 + 1;
  • 6 ÷ 2 = 3 + 0;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

2. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number:

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

57 318 479 821(10) = 1101 0101 1000 0111 0010 1001 0111 1100 1101(2)

3. Determine the signed binary number bit length:

  • The base 2 number's actual length, in bits: 36.

  • A signed binary's bit length must be equal to a power of 2, as of:
  • 21 = 2; 22 = 4; 23 = 8; 24 = 16; 25 = 32; 26 = 64; ...
  • The first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign:
  • 0 = positive integer number, 1 = negative integer number

The least number that is:

1) a power of 2

2) and is larger than the actual length, 36,

3) so that the first bit (leftmost) could be zero
(we deal with a positive number at this moment)

=== is: 64.


4. Get the positive binary computer representation on 64 bits (8 Bytes):

If needed, add extra 0s in front (to the left) of the base 2 number, up to the required length, 64.


Decimal Number 57 318 479 821(10) converted to signed binary in two's complement representation:

57 318 479 821(10) = 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1101 0101 1000 0111 0010 1001 0111 1100 1101

Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.

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How to convert signed integers from decimal system to signed binary in two's complement representation

Follow the steps below to convert a signed base 10 integer number to signed binary in two's complement representation:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with the positive version of the number.
  • 2. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is zero.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Binary numbers represented in computer language must have 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ... bit length (a power of 2) - if needed, add extra bits on 0 in front (to the left) of the base 2 number above, up to the required length, so that the first bit (the leftmost) will be 0, correctly representing a positive number.
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation in signed binary one's complement, replace all 0 bits with 1s and all 1 bits with 0s (reversing the digits).
  • 6. To get the negative integer number, in signed binary two's complement representation, add 1 to the number above.

Example: convert the negative number -60 from the decimal system (base ten) to signed binary in two's complement:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number: |-60| = 60
  • 2. Divide repeatedly 60 by 2, keeping track of each remainder:
    • division = quotient + remainder
    • 60 ÷ 2 = 30 + 0
    • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:
    60(10) = 11 1100(2)
  • 4. Bit length of base 2 representation number is 6, so the positive binary computer representation of a signed binary will take in this particular case 8 bits (the least power of 2 larger than 6) - add extra 0 digits in front of the base 2 number, up to the required length:
    60(10) = 0011 1100(2)
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation in signed binary one's complement, replace all the 0 bits with 1s and all 1 bits with 0s (reversing the digits):
    !(0011 1100) = 1100 0011
  • 6. To get the negative integer number, signed binary in two's complement representation, add 1 to the number above:
    -60(10) = 1100 0011 + 1 = 1100 0100
  • Number -60(10), signed integer, converted from decimal system (base 10) to signed binary two's complement representation = 1100 0100