Convert -6 888 888 888 911 to a Signed Binary in Two's (2's) Complement Representation

How to convert decimal number -6 888 888 888 911(10) to a signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation

What are the steps to convert decimal number
-6 888 888 888 911 to a signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation?

  • A signed integer, written in base ten, or a decimal system number, is a number written using the digits 0 through 9 and the sign, which can be positive (+) or negative (-). If positive, the sign is usually not written. A number written in base two, or binary, is a number written using only the digits 0 and 1.

1. Start with the positive version of the number:

|-6 888 888 888 911| = 6 888 888 888 911

2. Divide the number repeatedly by 2:

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 6 888 888 888 911 ÷ 2 = 3 444 444 444 455 + 1;
  • 3 444 444 444 455 ÷ 2 = 1 722 222 222 227 + 1;
  • 1 722 222 222 227 ÷ 2 = 861 111 111 113 + 1;
  • 861 111 111 113 ÷ 2 = 430 555 555 556 + 1;
  • 430 555 555 556 ÷ 2 = 215 277 777 778 + 0;
  • 215 277 777 778 ÷ 2 = 107 638 888 889 + 0;
  • 107 638 888 889 ÷ 2 = 53 819 444 444 + 1;
  • 53 819 444 444 ÷ 2 = 26 909 722 222 + 0;
  • 26 909 722 222 ÷ 2 = 13 454 861 111 + 0;
  • 13 454 861 111 ÷ 2 = 6 727 430 555 + 1;
  • 6 727 430 555 ÷ 2 = 3 363 715 277 + 1;
  • 3 363 715 277 ÷ 2 = 1 681 857 638 + 1;
  • 1 681 857 638 ÷ 2 = 840 928 819 + 0;
  • 840 928 819 ÷ 2 = 420 464 409 + 1;
  • 420 464 409 ÷ 2 = 210 232 204 + 1;
  • 210 232 204 ÷ 2 = 105 116 102 + 0;
  • 105 116 102 ÷ 2 = 52 558 051 + 0;
  • 52 558 051 ÷ 2 = 26 279 025 + 1;
  • 26 279 025 ÷ 2 = 13 139 512 + 1;
  • 13 139 512 ÷ 2 = 6 569 756 + 0;
  • 6 569 756 ÷ 2 = 3 284 878 + 0;
  • 3 284 878 ÷ 2 = 1 642 439 + 0;
  • 1 642 439 ÷ 2 = 821 219 + 1;
  • 821 219 ÷ 2 = 410 609 + 1;
  • 410 609 ÷ 2 = 205 304 + 1;
  • 205 304 ÷ 2 = 102 652 + 0;
  • 102 652 ÷ 2 = 51 326 + 0;
  • 51 326 ÷ 2 = 25 663 + 0;
  • 25 663 ÷ 2 = 12 831 + 1;
  • 12 831 ÷ 2 = 6 415 + 1;
  • 6 415 ÷ 2 = 3 207 + 1;
  • 3 207 ÷ 2 = 1 603 + 1;
  • 1 603 ÷ 2 = 801 + 1;
  • 801 ÷ 2 = 400 + 1;
  • 400 ÷ 2 = 200 + 0;
  • 200 ÷ 2 = 100 + 0;
  • 100 ÷ 2 = 50 + 0;
  • 50 ÷ 2 = 25 + 0;
  • 25 ÷ 2 = 12 + 1;
  • 12 ÷ 2 = 6 + 0;
  • 6 ÷ 2 = 3 + 0;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number:

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

6 888 888 888 911(10) = 110 0100 0011 1111 0001 1100 0110 0110 1110 0100 1111(2)

4. Determine the signed binary number bit length:

  • The base 2 number's actual length, in bits: 43.

  • A signed binary's bit length must be equal to a power of 2, as of:
  • 21 = 2; 22 = 4; 23 = 8; 24 = 16; 25 = 32; 26 = 64; ...
  • The first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign:
  • 0 = positive integer number, 1 = negative integer number

The least number that is:

1) a power of 2

2) and is larger than the actual length, 43,

3) so that the first bit (leftmost) could be zero
(we deal with a positive number at this moment)

=== is: 64.


5. Get the positive binary computer representation on 64 bits (8 Bytes):

If needed, add extra 0s in front (to the left) of the base 2 number, up to the required length, 64.


6 888 888 888 911(10) = 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0110 0100 0011 1111 0001 1100 0110 0110 1110 0100 1111

6. Get the negative integer number representation. Part 1:

  • To write the negative integer number on 64 bits (8 Bytes), as a signed binary in one's complement representation, replace all the bits on 0 with 1s and all the bits set on 1 with 0s.

Reverse the digits, flip the digits:

Replace the bits set on 0 with 1s and the bits set on 1 with 0s.

!(0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0110 0100 0011 1111 0001 1100 0110 0110 1110 0100 1111)

= 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1001 1011 1100 0000 1110 0011 1001 1001 0001 1011 0000


7. Get the negative integer number representation. Part 2:

  • To write the negative integer number on 64 bits (8 Bytes), as a signed binary in two's complement representation, add 1 to the number calculated above 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1001 1011 1100 0000 1110 0011 1001 1001 0001 1011 0000 (to the signed binary in one's complement representation).

Binary addition carries on a value of 2:

  • 0 + 0 = 0
  • 0 + 1 = 1
  • 1 + 1 = 10
  • 1 + 10 = 11
  • 1 + 11 = 100

Add 1 to the number calculated above
(to the signed binary number in one's complement representation):

-6 888 888 888 911 =

1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1001 1011 1100 0000 1110 0011 1001 1001 0001 1011 0000 + 1


Decimal Number -6 888 888 888 911(10) converted to signed binary in two's complement representation:

-6 888 888 888 911(10) = 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1001 1011 1100 0000 1110 0011 1001 1001 0001 1011 0001

Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.

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How to convert signed integers from decimal system to signed binary in two's complement representation

Follow the steps below to convert a signed base 10 integer number to signed binary in two's complement representation:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with the positive version of the number.
  • 2. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is zero.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Binary numbers represented in computer language must have 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ... bit length (a power of 2) - if needed, add extra bits on 0 in front (to the left) of the base 2 number above, up to the required length, so that the first bit (the leftmost) will be 0, correctly representing a positive number.
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation in signed binary one's complement, replace all 0 bits with 1s and all 1 bits with 0s (reversing the digits).
  • 6. To get the negative integer number, in signed binary two's complement representation, add 1 to the number above.

Example: convert the negative number -60 from the decimal system (base ten) to signed binary in two's complement:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number: |-60| = 60
  • 2. Divide repeatedly 60 by 2, keeping track of each remainder:
    • division = quotient + remainder
    • 60 ÷ 2 = 30 + 0
    • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:
    60(10) = 11 1100(2)
  • 4. Bit length of base 2 representation number is 6, so the positive binary computer representation of a signed binary will take in this particular case 8 bits (the least power of 2 larger than 6) - add extra 0 digits in front of the base 2 number, up to the required length:
    60(10) = 0011 1100(2)
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation in signed binary one's complement, replace all the 0 bits with 1s and all 1 bits with 0s (reversing the digits):
    !(0011 1100) = 1100 0011
  • 6. To get the negative integer number, signed binary in two's complement representation, add 1 to the number above:
    -60(10) = 1100 0011 + 1 = 1100 0100
  • Number -60(10), signed integer, converted from decimal system (base 10) to signed binary two's complement representation = 1100 0100