Convert -18 014 398 509 481 838 to a Signed Binary in Two's (2's) Complement Representation

How to convert decimal number -18 014 398 509 481 838(10) to a signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation

What are the steps to convert decimal number
-18 014 398 509 481 838 to a signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation?

  • A signed integer, written in base ten, or a decimal system number, is a number written using the digits 0 through 9 and the sign, which can be positive (+) or negative (-). If positive, the sign is usually not written. A number written in base two, or binary, is a number written using only the digits 0 and 1.

1. Start with the positive version of the number:

|-18 014 398 509 481 838| = 18 014 398 509 481 838

2. Divide the number repeatedly by 2:

Keep track of each remainder.

We stop when we get a quotient that is equal to zero.


  • division = quotient + remainder;
  • 18 014 398 509 481 838 ÷ 2 = 9 007 199 254 740 919 + 0;
  • 9 007 199 254 740 919 ÷ 2 = 4 503 599 627 370 459 + 1;
  • 4 503 599 627 370 459 ÷ 2 = 2 251 799 813 685 229 + 1;
  • 2 251 799 813 685 229 ÷ 2 = 1 125 899 906 842 614 + 1;
  • 1 125 899 906 842 614 ÷ 2 = 562 949 953 421 307 + 0;
  • 562 949 953 421 307 ÷ 2 = 281 474 976 710 653 + 1;
  • 281 474 976 710 653 ÷ 2 = 140 737 488 355 326 + 1;
  • 140 737 488 355 326 ÷ 2 = 70 368 744 177 663 + 0;
  • 70 368 744 177 663 ÷ 2 = 35 184 372 088 831 + 1;
  • 35 184 372 088 831 ÷ 2 = 17 592 186 044 415 + 1;
  • 17 592 186 044 415 ÷ 2 = 8 796 093 022 207 + 1;
  • 8 796 093 022 207 ÷ 2 = 4 398 046 511 103 + 1;
  • 4 398 046 511 103 ÷ 2 = 2 199 023 255 551 + 1;
  • 2 199 023 255 551 ÷ 2 = 1 099 511 627 775 + 1;
  • 1 099 511 627 775 ÷ 2 = 549 755 813 887 + 1;
  • 549 755 813 887 ÷ 2 = 274 877 906 943 + 1;
  • 274 877 906 943 ÷ 2 = 137 438 953 471 + 1;
  • 137 438 953 471 ÷ 2 = 68 719 476 735 + 1;
  • 68 719 476 735 ÷ 2 = 34 359 738 367 + 1;
  • 34 359 738 367 ÷ 2 = 17 179 869 183 + 1;
  • 17 179 869 183 ÷ 2 = 8 589 934 591 + 1;
  • 8 589 934 591 ÷ 2 = 4 294 967 295 + 1;
  • 4 294 967 295 ÷ 2 = 2 147 483 647 + 1;
  • 2 147 483 647 ÷ 2 = 1 073 741 823 + 1;
  • 1 073 741 823 ÷ 2 = 536 870 911 + 1;
  • 536 870 911 ÷ 2 = 268 435 455 + 1;
  • 268 435 455 ÷ 2 = 134 217 727 + 1;
  • 134 217 727 ÷ 2 = 67 108 863 + 1;
  • 67 108 863 ÷ 2 = 33 554 431 + 1;
  • 33 554 431 ÷ 2 = 16 777 215 + 1;
  • 16 777 215 ÷ 2 = 8 388 607 + 1;
  • 8 388 607 ÷ 2 = 4 194 303 + 1;
  • 4 194 303 ÷ 2 = 2 097 151 + 1;
  • 2 097 151 ÷ 2 = 1 048 575 + 1;
  • 1 048 575 ÷ 2 = 524 287 + 1;
  • 524 287 ÷ 2 = 262 143 + 1;
  • 262 143 ÷ 2 = 131 071 + 1;
  • 131 071 ÷ 2 = 65 535 + 1;
  • 65 535 ÷ 2 = 32 767 + 1;
  • 32 767 ÷ 2 = 16 383 + 1;
  • 16 383 ÷ 2 = 8 191 + 1;
  • 8 191 ÷ 2 = 4 095 + 1;
  • 4 095 ÷ 2 = 2 047 + 1;
  • 2 047 ÷ 2 = 1 023 + 1;
  • 1 023 ÷ 2 = 511 + 1;
  • 511 ÷ 2 = 255 + 1;
  • 255 ÷ 2 = 127 + 1;
  • 127 ÷ 2 = 63 + 1;
  • 63 ÷ 2 = 31 + 1;
  • 31 ÷ 2 = 15 + 1;
  • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1;
  • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1;
  • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1;
  • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1;

3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number:

Take all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above.

18 014 398 509 481 838(10) = 11 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0110 1110(2)

4. Determine the signed binary number bit length:

  • The base 2 number's actual length, in bits: 54.

  • A signed binary's bit length must be equal to a power of 2, as of:
  • 21 = 2; 22 = 4; 23 = 8; 24 = 16; 25 = 32; 26 = 64; ...
  • The first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign:
  • 0 = positive integer number, 1 = negative integer number

The least number that is:

1) a power of 2

2) and is larger than the actual length, 54,

3) so that the first bit (leftmost) could be zero
(we deal with a positive number at this moment)

=== is: 64.


5. Get the positive binary computer representation on 64 bits (8 Bytes):

If needed, add extra 0s in front (to the left) of the base 2 number, up to the required length, 64.


18 014 398 509 481 838(10) = 0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0110 1110

6. Get the negative integer number representation. Part 1:

  • To write the negative integer number on 64 bits (8 Bytes), as a signed binary in one's complement representation, replace all the bits on 0 with 1s and all the bits set on 1 with 0s.

Reverse the digits, flip the digits:

Replace the bits set on 0 with 1s and the bits set on 1 with 0s.

!(0000 0000 0011 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0110 1110)

= 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001 0001


7. Get the negative integer number representation. Part 2:

  • To write the negative integer number on 64 bits (8 Bytes), as a signed binary in two's complement representation, add 1 to the number calculated above 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001 0001 (to the signed binary in one's complement representation).

Binary addition carries on a value of 2:

  • 0 + 0 = 0
  • 0 + 1 = 1
  • 1 + 1 = 10
  • 1 + 10 = 11
  • 1 + 11 = 100

Add 1 to the number calculated above
(to the signed binary number in one's complement representation):

-18 014 398 509 481 838 =

1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001 0001 + 1


Decimal Number -18 014 398 509 481 838(10) converted to signed binary in two's complement representation:

-18 014 398 509 481 838(10) = 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1001 0010

Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.

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How to convert signed integers from decimal system to signed binary in two's complement representation

Follow the steps below to convert a signed base 10 integer number to signed binary in two's complement representation:

  • 1. If the number to be converted is negative, start with the positive version of the number.
  • 2. Divide repeatedly by 2 the positive representation of the integer number, keeping track of each remainder, until we get a quotient that is zero.
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above. Thus, the last remainder of the divisions becomes the first symbol (the leftmost) of the base two number, while the first remainder becomes the last symbol (the rightmost).
  • 4. Binary numbers represented in computer language must have 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, ... bit length (a power of 2) - if needed, add extra bits on 0 in front (to the left) of the base 2 number above, up to the required length, so that the first bit (the leftmost) will be 0, correctly representing a positive number.
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation in signed binary one's complement, replace all 0 bits with 1s and all 1 bits with 0s (reversing the digits).
  • 6. To get the negative integer number, in signed binary two's complement representation, add 1 to the number above.

Example: convert the negative number -60 from the decimal system (base ten) to signed binary in two's complement:

  • 1. Start with the positive version of the number: |-60| = 60
  • 2. Divide repeatedly 60 by 2, keeping track of each remainder:
    • division = quotient + remainder
    • 60 ÷ 2 = 30 + 0
    • 30 ÷ 2 = 15 + 0
    • 15 ÷ 2 = 7 + 1
    • 7 ÷ 2 = 3 + 1
    • 3 ÷ 2 = 1 + 1
    • 1 ÷ 2 = 0 + 1
  • 3. Construct the base 2 representation of the positive number, by taking all the remainders starting from the bottom of the list constructed above:
    60(10) = 11 1100(2)
  • 4. Bit length of base 2 representation number is 6, so the positive binary computer representation of a signed binary will take in this particular case 8 bits (the least power of 2 larger than 6) - add extra 0 digits in front of the base 2 number, up to the required length:
    60(10) = 0011 1100(2)
  • 5. To get the negative integer number representation in signed binary one's complement, replace all the 0 bits with 1s and all 1 bits with 0s (reversing the digits):
    !(0011 1100) = 1100 0011
  • 6. To get the negative integer number, signed binary in two's complement representation, add 1 to the number above:
    -60(10) = 1100 0011 + 1 = 1100 0100
  • Number -60(10), signed integer, converted from decimal system (base 10) to signed binary two's complement representation = 1100 0100