2. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
1 1111 1111 0110 1000 0000 1111 0001 1110 0011 1001 1000 1100 0101(2) =
(1 × 252 + 1 × 251 + 1 × 250 + 1 × 249 + 1 × 248 + 1 × 247 + 1 × 246 + 1 × 245 + 1 × 244 + 0 × 243 + 1 × 242 + 1 × 241 + 0 × 240 + 1 × 239 + 0 × 238 + 0 × 237 + 0 × 236 + 0 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 0 × 233 + 0 × 232 + 1 × 231 + 1 × 230 + 1 × 229 + 1 × 228 + 0 × 227 + 0 × 226 + 0 × 225 + 1 × 224 + 1 × 223 + 1 × 222 + 1 × 221 + 0 × 220 + 0 × 219 + 0 × 218 + 1 × 217 + 1 × 216 + 1 × 215 + 0 × 214 + 0 × 213 + 1 × 212 + 1 × 211 + 0 × 210 + 0 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 1 × 27 + 1 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20)(10) =
(4 503 599 627 370 496 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 140 737 488 355 328 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 35 184 372 088 832 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 0 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 0 + 549 755 813 888 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 147 483 648 + 1 073 741 824 + 536 870 912 + 268 435 456 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 16 777 216 + 8 388 608 + 4 194 304 + 2 097 152 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 131 072 + 65 536 + 32 768 + 0 + 0 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1)(10) =
(4 503 599 627 370 496 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 140 737 488 355 328 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 35 184 372 088 832 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 549 755 813 888 + 2 147 483 648 + 1 073 741 824 + 536 870 912 + 268 435 456 + 16 777 216 + 8 388 608 + 4 194 304 + 2 097 152 + 131 072 + 65 536 + 32 768 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 128 + 64 + 4 + 1)(10) =
8 996 757 952 501 957(10)
The number 1 1111 1111 0110 1000 0000 1111 0001 1110 0011 1001 1000 1100 0101(2) converted from an unsigned binary (in base 2) and written as a positive integer (with no sign) in decimal system (in base ten):
1 1111 1111 0110 1000 0000 1111 0001 1110 0011 1001 1000 1100 0101(2) = 8 996 757 952 501 957(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.