2. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
101 0010 0101 1000 1011 1000 0000 0000 0100 0001 0001 1100 1001 1010(2) =
(1 × 254 + 0 × 253 + 1 × 252 + 0 × 251 + 0 × 250 + 1 × 249 + 0 × 248 + 0 × 247 + 1 × 246 + 0 × 245 + 1 × 244 + 1 × 243 + 0 × 242 + 0 × 241 + 0 × 240 + 1 × 239 + 0 × 238 + 1 × 237 + 1 × 236 + 1 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 0 × 233 + 0 × 232 + 0 × 231 + 0 × 230 + 0 × 229 + 0 × 228 + 0 × 227 + 0 × 226 + 0 × 225 + 0 × 224 + 0 × 223 + 1 × 222 + 0 × 221 + 0 × 220 + 0 × 219 + 0 × 218 + 0 × 217 + 1 × 216 + 0 × 215 + 0 × 214 + 0 × 213 + 1 × 212 + 1 × 211 + 1 × 210 + 0 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 1 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20)(10) =
(18 014 398 509 481 984 + 0 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 0 + 0 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 0 + 0 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 0 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 549 755 813 888 + 0 + 137 438 953 472 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 194 304 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 65 536 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 0 + 0 + 128 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0)(10) =
(18 014 398 509 481 984 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 549 755 813 888 + 137 438 953 472 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 4 194 304 + 65 536 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 128 + 16 + 8 + 2)(10) =
23 178 495 391 767 706(10)
The number 101 0010 0101 1000 1011 1000 0000 0000 0100 0001 0001 1100 1001 1010(2) converted from an unsigned binary (in base 2) and written as a positive integer (with no sign) in decimal system (in base ten):
101 0010 0101 1000 1011 1000 0000 0000 0100 0001 0001 1100 1001 1010(2) = 23 178 495 391 767 706(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.