What are the steps to convert the signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation to an integer in decimal system (in base ten)?
1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
1111 0010 1111 0011 1111 0000 1111 0110 1111 1110 1111 1100 1111 1001 0111 0010 is the binary representation of a negative integer, on 64 bits (8 Bytes).
- In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
- Note on binary subtraction rules:
- 11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 01; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
1111 0010 1111 0011 1111 0000 1111 0110 1111 1110 1111 1100 1111 1001 0111 0010 - 1 = 1111 0010 1111 0011 1111 0000 1111 0110 1111 1110 1111 1100 1111 1001 0111 0001
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
!(1111 0010 1111 0011 1111 0000 1111 0110 1111 1110 1111 1100 1111 1001 0111 0001) = 0000 1101 0000 1100 0000 1111 0000 1001 0000 0001 0000 0011 0000 0110 1000 1110
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
263
0 262
0 261
0 260
0 259
1 258
1 257
0 256
1 255
0 254
0 253
0 252
0 251
1 250
1 249
0 248
0 247
0 246
0 245
0 244
0 243
1 242
1 241
1 240
1 239
0 238
0 237
0 236
0 235
1 234
0 233
0 232
1 231
0 230
0 229
0 228
0 227
0 226
0 225
0 224
1 223
0 222
0 221
0 220
0 219
0 218
0 217
1 216
1 215
0 214
0 213
0 212
0 211
0 210
1 29
1 28
0 27
1 26
0 25
0 24
0 23
1 22
1 21
1 20
0
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0000 1101 0000 1100 0000 1111 0000 1001 0000 0001 0000 0011 0000 0110 1000 1110(2) =
(0 × 263 + 0 × 262 + 0 × 261 + 0 × 260 + 1 × 259 + 1 × 258 + 0 × 257 + 1 × 256 + 0 × 255 + 0 × 254 + 0 × 253 + 0 × 252 + 1 × 251 + 1 × 250 + 0 × 249 + 0 × 248 + 0 × 247 + 0 × 246 + 0 × 245 + 0 × 244 + 1 × 243 + 1 × 242 + 1 × 241 + 1 × 240 + 0 × 239 + 0 × 238 + 0 × 237 + 0 × 236 + 1 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 0 × 233 + 1 × 232 + 0 × 231 + 0 × 230 + 0 × 229 + 0 × 228 + 0 × 227 + 0 × 226 + 0 × 225 + 1 × 224 + 0 × 223 + 0 × 222 + 0 × 221 + 0 × 220 + 0 × 219 + 0 × 218 + 1 × 217 + 1 × 216 + 0 × 215 + 0 × 214 + 0 × 213 + 0 × 212 + 0 × 211 + 1 × 210 + 1 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 1 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 0 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 34 359 738 368 + 0 + 0 + 4 294 967 296 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 16 777 216 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 131 072 + 65 536 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 024 + 512 + 0 + 128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0)(10) =
(576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 34 359 738 368 + 4 294 967 296 + 16 777 216 + 131 072 + 65 536 + 1 024 + 512 + 128 + 8 + 4 + 2)(10) =
940 142 953 559 688 846(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
1111 0010 1111 0011 1111 0000 1111 0110 1111 1110 1111 1100 1111 1001 0111 0010(2) = -940 142 953 559 688 846(10)
The number 1111 0010 1111 0011 1111 0000 1111 0110 1111 1110 1111 1100 1111 1001 0111 0010(2), signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation, converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
1111 0010 1111 0011 1111 0000 1111 0110 1111 1110 1111 1100 1111 1001 0111 0010(2) = -940 142 953 559 688 846(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.