What are the steps to convert the signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation to an integer in decimal system (in base ten)?
1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
1101 1100 0010 1111 0010 0100 1100 0110 1001 0101 0011 1010 0111 0111 1011 1010 is the binary representation of a negative integer, on 64 bits (8 Bytes).
- In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
- Note on binary subtraction rules:
- 11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 01; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
1101 1100 0010 1111 0010 0100 1100 0110 1001 0101 0011 1010 0111 0111 1011 1010 - 1 = 1101 1100 0010 1111 0010 0100 1100 0110 1001 0101 0011 1010 0111 0111 1011 1001
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
!(1101 1100 0010 1111 0010 0100 1100 0110 1001 0101 0011 1010 0111 0111 1011 1001) = 0010 0011 1101 0000 1101 1011 0011 1001 0110 1010 1100 0101 1000 1000 0100 0110
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
263
0 262
0 261
1 260
0 259
0 258
0 257
1 256
1 255
1 254
1 253
0 252
1 251
0 250
0 249
0 248
0 247
1 246
1 245
0 244
1 243
1 242
0 241
1 240
1 239
0 238
0 237
1 236
1 235
1 234
0 233
0 232
1 231
0 230
1 229
1 228
0 227
1 226
0 225
1 224
0 223
1 222
1 221
0 220
0 219
0 218
1 217
0 216
1 215
1 214
0 213
0 212
0 211
1 210
0 29
0 28
0 27
0 26
1 25
0 24
0 23
0 22
1 21
1 20
0
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0010 0011 1101 0000 1101 1011 0011 1001 0110 1010 1100 0101 1000 1000 0100 0110(2) =
(0 × 263 + 0 × 262 + 1 × 261 + 0 × 260 + 0 × 259 + 0 × 258 + 1 × 257 + 1 × 256 + 1 × 255 + 1 × 254 + 0 × 253 + 1 × 252 + 0 × 251 + 0 × 250 + 0 × 249 + 0 × 248 + 1 × 247 + 1 × 246 + 0 × 245 + 1 × 244 + 1 × 243 + 0 × 242 + 1 × 241 + 1 × 240 + 0 × 239 + 0 × 238 + 1 × 237 + 1 × 236 + 1 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 0 × 233 + 1 × 232 + 0 × 231 + 1 × 230 + 1 × 229 + 0 × 228 + 1 × 227 + 0 × 226 + 1 × 225 + 0 × 224 + 1 × 223 + 1 × 222 + 0 × 221 + 0 × 220 + 0 × 219 + 1 × 218 + 0 × 217 + 1 × 216 + 1 × 215 + 0 × 214 + 0 × 213 + 0 × 212 + 1 × 211 + 0 × 210 + 0 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 0 × 27 + 1 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 0 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 144 115 188 075 855 872 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 0 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 140 737 488 355 328 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 0 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 0 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 0 + 0 + 137 438 953 472 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 0 + 0 + 4 294 967 296 + 0 + 1 073 741 824 + 536 870 912 + 0 + 134 217 728 + 0 + 33 554 432 + 0 + 8 388 608 + 4 194 304 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 262 144 + 0 + 65 536 + 32 768 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 048 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0)(10) =
(2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 144 115 188 075 855 872 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 140 737 488 355 328 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 137 438 953 472 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 4 294 967 296 + 1 073 741 824 + 536 870 912 + 134 217 728 + 33 554 432 + 8 388 608 + 4 194 304 + 262 144 + 65 536 + 32 768 + 2 048 + 64 + 4 + 2)(10) =
2 580 803 626 134 243 398(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
1101 1100 0010 1111 0010 0100 1100 0110 1001 0101 0011 1010 0111 0111 1011 1010(2) = -2 580 803 626 134 243 398(10)
The number 1101 1100 0010 1111 0010 0100 1100 0110 1001 0101 0011 1010 0111 0111 1011 1010(2), signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation, converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
1101 1100 0010 1111 0010 0100 1100 0110 1001 0101 0011 1010 0111 0111 1011 1010(2) = -2 580 803 626 134 243 398(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.