What are the steps to convert the signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation to an integer in decimal system (in base ten)?
1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
1100 1011 1111 0010 1001 1100 1110 0100 1000 0100 0010 0010 0010 0010 1100 0110 is the binary representation of a negative integer, on 64 bits (8 Bytes).
- In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
- Note on binary subtraction rules:
- 11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 01; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
1100 1011 1111 0010 1001 1100 1110 0100 1000 0100 0010 0010 0010 0010 1100 0110 - 1 = 1100 1011 1111 0010 1001 1100 1110 0100 1000 0100 0010 0010 0010 0010 1100 0101
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
!(1100 1011 1111 0010 1001 1100 1110 0100 1000 0100 0010 0010 0010 0010 1100 0101) = 0011 0100 0000 1101 0110 0011 0001 1011 0111 1011 1101 1101 1101 1101 0011 1010
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
263
0 262
0 261
1 260
1 259
0 258
1 257
0 256
0 255
0 254
0 253
0 252
0 251
1 250
1 249
0 248
1 247
0 246
1 245
1 244
0 243
0 242
0 241
1 240
1 239
0 238
0 237
0 236
1 235
1 234
0 233
1 232
1 231
0 230
1 229
1 228
1 227
1 226
0 225
1 224
1 223
1 222
1 221
0 220
1 219
1 218
1 217
0 216
1 215
1 214
1 213
0 212
1 211
1 210
1 29
0 28
1 27
0 26
0 25
1 24
1 23
1 22
0 21
1 20
0
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0011 0100 0000 1101 0110 0011 0001 1011 0111 1011 1101 1101 1101 1101 0011 1010(2) =
(0 × 263 + 0 × 262 + 1 × 261 + 1 × 260 + 0 × 259 + 1 × 258 + 0 × 257 + 0 × 256 + 0 × 255 + 0 × 254 + 0 × 253 + 0 × 252 + 1 × 251 + 1 × 250 + 0 × 249 + 1 × 248 + 0 × 247 + 1 × 246 + 1 × 245 + 0 × 244 + 0 × 243 + 0 × 242 + 1 × 241 + 1 × 240 + 0 × 239 + 0 × 238 + 0 × 237 + 1 × 236 + 1 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 1 × 233 + 1 × 232 + 0 × 231 + 1 × 230 + 1 × 229 + 1 × 228 + 1 × 227 + 0 × 226 + 1 × 225 + 1 × 224 + 1 × 223 + 1 × 222 + 0 × 221 + 1 × 220 + 1 × 219 + 1 × 218 + 0 × 217 + 1 × 216 + 1 × 215 + 1 × 214 + 0 × 213 + 1 × 212 + 1 × 211 + 1 × 210 + 0 × 29 + 1 × 28 + 0 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 0 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 0 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 0 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 0 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 35 184 372 088 832 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 0 + 8 589 934 592 + 4 294 967 296 + 0 + 1 073 741 824 + 536 870 912 + 268 435 456 + 134 217 728 + 0 + 33 554 432 + 16 777 216 + 8 388 608 + 4 194 304 + 0 + 1 048 576 + 524 288 + 262 144 + 0 + 65 536 + 32 768 + 16 384 + 0 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 0 + 256 + 0 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0)(10) =
(2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 35 184 372 088 832 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 8 589 934 592 + 4 294 967 296 + 1 073 741 824 + 536 870 912 + 268 435 456 + 134 217 728 + 33 554 432 + 16 777 216 + 8 388 608 + 4 194 304 + 1 048 576 + 524 288 + 262 144 + 65 536 + 32 768 + 16 384 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 256 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 2)(10) =
3 750 763 034 362 895 674(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
1100 1011 1111 0010 1001 1100 1110 0100 1000 0100 0010 0010 0010 0010 1100 0110(2) = -3 750 763 034 362 895 674(10)
The number 1100 1011 1111 0010 1001 1100 1110 0100 1000 0100 0010 0010 0010 0010 1100 0110(2), signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation, converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
1100 1011 1111 0010 1001 1100 1110 0100 1000 0100 0010 0010 0010 0010 1100 0110(2) = -3 750 763 034 362 895 674(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.