What are the steps to convert the signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation to an integer in decimal system (in base ten)?
1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
1100 0011 1011 1000 0100 0111 0000 0101 0101 1111 1100 0011 1011 0101 0001 1101 is the binary representation of a negative integer, on 64 bits (8 Bytes).
- In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
- Note on binary subtraction rules:
- 11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 01; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
1100 0011 1011 1000 0100 0111 0000 0101 0101 1111 1100 0011 1011 0101 0001 1101 - 1 = 1100 0011 1011 1000 0100 0111 0000 0101 0101 1111 1100 0011 1011 0101 0001 1100
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
!(1100 0011 1011 1000 0100 0111 0000 0101 0101 1111 1100 0011 1011 0101 0001 1100) = 0011 1100 0100 0111 1011 1000 1111 1010 1010 0000 0011 1100 0100 1010 1110 0011
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
263
0 262
0 261
1 260
1 259
1 258
1 257
0 256
0 255
0 254
1 253
0 252
0 251
0 250
1 249
1 248
1 247
1 246
0 245
1 244
1 243
1 242
0 241
0 240
0 239
1 238
1 237
1 236
1 235
1 234
0 233
1 232
0 231
1 230
0 229
1 228
0 227
0 226
0 225
0 224
0 223
0 222
0 221
1 220
1 219
1 218
1 217
0 216
0 215
0 214
1 213
0 212
0 211
1 210
0 29
1 28
0 27
1 26
1 25
1 24
0 23
0 22
0 21
1 20
1
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0011 1100 0100 0111 1011 1000 1111 1010 1010 0000 0011 1100 0100 1010 1110 0011(2) =
(0 × 263 + 0 × 262 + 1 × 261 + 1 × 260 + 1 × 259 + 1 × 258 + 0 × 257 + 0 × 256 + 0 × 255 + 1 × 254 + 0 × 253 + 0 × 252 + 0 × 251 + 1 × 250 + 1 × 249 + 1 × 248 + 1 × 247 + 0 × 246 + 1 × 245 + 1 × 244 + 1 × 243 + 0 × 242 + 0 × 241 + 0 × 240 + 1 × 239 + 1 × 238 + 1 × 237 + 1 × 236 + 1 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 1 × 233 + 0 × 232 + 1 × 231 + 0 × 230 + 1 × 229 + 0 × 228 + 0 × 227 + 0 × 226 + 0 × 225 + 0 × 224 + 0 × 223 + 0 × 222 + 1 × 221 + 1 × 220 + 1 × 219 + 1 × 218 + 0 × 217 + 0 × 216 + 0 × 215 + 1 × 214 + 0 × 213 + 0 × 212 + 1 × 211 + 0 × 210 + 1 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 1 × 27 + 1 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 0 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 140 737 488 355 328 + 0 + 35 184 372 088 832 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 549 755 813 888 + 274 877 906 944 + 137 438 953 472 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 0 + 8 589 934 592 + 0 + 2 147 483 648 + 0 + 536 870 912 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 097 152 + 1 048 576 + 524 288 + 262 144 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 16 384 + 0 + 0 + 2 048 + 0 + 512 + 0 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1)(10) =
(2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 140 737 488 355 328 + 35 184 372 088 832 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 549 755 813 888 + 274 877 906 944 + 137 438 953 472 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 8 589 934 592 + 2 147 483 648 + 536 870 912 + 2 097 152 + 1 048 576 + 524 288 + 262 144 + 16 384 + 2 048 + 512 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 2 + 1)(10) =
4 343 643 752 191 773 411(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
1100 0011 1011 1000 0100 0111 0000 0101 0101 1111 1100 0011 1011 0101 0001 1101(2) = -4 343 643 752 191 773 411(10)
The number 1100 0011 1011 1000 0100 0111 0000 0101 0101 1111 1100 0011 1011 0101 0001 1101(2), signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation, converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
1100 0011 1011 1000 0100 0111 0000 0101 0101 1111 1100 0011 1011 0101 0001 1101(2) = -4 343 643 752 191 773 411(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.