What are the steps to convert the signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation to an integer in decimal system (in base ten)?
1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
1100 0000 0011 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 0100 1011 is the binary representation of a negative integer, on 64 bits (8 Bytes).
- In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
- Note on binary subtraction rules:
- 11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 01; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
1100 0000 0011 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 0100 1011 - 1 = 1100 0000 0011 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 0100 1010
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
!(1100 0000 0011 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 0100 1010) = 0011 1111 1100 0000 0101 1100 0001 1010 1101 1110 1010 1000 1001 0111 1011 0101
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
263
0 262
0 261
1 260
1 259
1 258
1 257
1 256
1 255
1 254
1 253
0 252
0 251
0 250
0 249
0 248
0 247
0 246
1 245
0 244
1 243
1 242
1 241
0 240
0 239
0 238
0 237
0 236
1 235
1 234
0 233
1 232
0 231
1 230
1 229
0 228
1 227
1 226
1 225
1 224
0 223
1 222
0 221
1 220
0 219
1 218
0 217
0 216
0 215
1 214
0 213
0 212
1 211
0 210
1 29
1 28
1 27
1 26
0 25
1 24
1 23
0 22
1 21
0 20
1
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0011 1111 1100 0000 0101 1100 0001 1010 1101 1110 1010 1000 1001 0111 1011 0101(2) =
(0 × 263 + 0 × 262 + 1 × 261 + 1 × 260 + 1 × 259 + 1 × 258 + 1 × 257 + 1 × 256 + 1 × 255 + 1 × 254 + 0 × 253 + 0 × 252 + 0 × 251 + 0 × 250 + 0 × 249 + 0 × 248 + 0 × 247 + 1 × 246 + 0 × 245 + 1 × 244 + 1 × 243 + 1 × 242 + 0 × 241 + 0 × 240 + 0 × 239 + 0 × 238 + 0 × 237 + 1 × 236 + 1 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 1 × 233 + 0 × 232 + 1 × 231 + 1 × 230 + 0 × 229 + 1 × 228 + 1 × 227 + 1 × 226 + 1 × 225 + 0 × 224 + 1 × 223 + 0 × 222 + 1 × 221 + 0 × 220 + 1 × 219 + 0 × 218 + 0 × 217 + 0 × 216 + 1 × 215 + 0 × 214 + 0 × 213 + 1 × 212 + 0 × 211 + 1 × 210 + 1 × 29 + 1 × 28 + 1 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 0 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 144 115 188 075 855 872 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 0 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 0 + 8 589 934 592 + 0 + 2 147 483 648 + 1 073 741 824 + 0 + 268 435 456 + 134 217 728 + 67 108 864 + 33 554 432 + 0 + 8 388 608 + 0 + 2 097 152 + 0 + 524 288 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 32 768 + 0 + 0 + 4 096 + 0 + 1 024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1)(10) =
(2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 144 115 188 075 855 872 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 8 796 093 022 208 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 8 589 934 592 + 2 147 483 648 + 1 073 741 824 + 268 435 456 + 134 217 728 + 67 108 864 + 33 554 432 + 8 388 608 + 2 097 152 + 524 288 + 32 768 + 4 096 + 1 024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 1)(10) =
4 593 772 890 392 401 845(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
1100 0000 0011 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 0100 1011(2) = -4 593 772 890 392 401 845(10)
The number 1100 0000 0011 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 0100 1011(2), signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation, converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
1100 0000 0011 1111 1010 0011 1110 0101 0010 0001 0101 0111 0110 1000 0100 1011(2) = -4 593 772 890 392 401 845(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.