What are the steps to convert the signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation to an integer in decimal system (in base ten)?
1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
0111 1101 1101 1011 0101 0101 0101 1010 1001 1110 0101 0101 0111 0101 0110 0101 is the binary representation of a positive integer, on 64 bits (8 Bytes).
- In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
- Note on binary subtraction rules:
- 11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 01; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
* Not the case - the number is positive
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
* Not the case - the number is positive
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
263
0 262
1 261
1 260
1 259
1 258
1 257
0 256
1 255
1 254
1 253
0 252
1 251
1 250
0 249
1 248
1 247
0 246
1 245
0 244
1 243
0 242
1 241
0 240
1 239
0 238
1 237
0 236
1 235
1 234
0 233
1 232
0 231
1 230
0 229
0 228
1 227
1 226
1 225
1 224
0 223
0 222
1 221
0 220
1 219
0 218
1 217
0 216
1 215
0 214
1 213
1 212
1 211
0 210
1 29
0 28
1 27
0 26
1 25
1 24
0 23
0 22
1 21
0 20
1
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0111 1101 1101 1011 0101 0101 0101 1010 1001 1110 0101 0101 0111 0101 0110 0101(2) =
(0 × 263 + 1 × 262 + 1 × 261 + 1 × 260 + 1 × 259 + 1 × 258 + 0 × 257 + 1 × 256 + 1 × 255 + 1 × 254 + 0 × 253 + 1 × 252 + 1 × 251 + 0 × 250 + 1 × 249 + 1 × 248 + 0 × 247 + 1 × 246 + 0 × 245 + 1 × 244 + 0 × 243 + 1 × 242 + 0 × 241 + 1 × 240 + 0 × 239 + 1 × 238 + 0 × 237 + 1 × 236 + 1 × 235 + 0 × 234 + 1 × 233 + 0 × 232 + 1 × 231 + 0 × 230 + 0 × 229 + 1 × 228 + 1 × 227 + 1 × 226 + 1 × 225 + 0 × 224 + 0 × 223 + 1 × 222 + 0 × 221 + 1 × 220 + 0 × 219 + 1 × 218 + 0 × 217 + 1 × 216 + 0 × 215 + 1 × 214 + 1 × 213 + 1 × 212 + 0 × 211 + 1 × 210 + 0 × 29 + 1 × 28 + 0 × 27 + 1 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 4 611 686 018 427 387 904 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 0 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 0 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 0 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 0 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 0 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 0 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 0 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 0 + 274 877 906 944 + 0 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 0 + 8 589 934 592 + 0 + 2 147 483 648 + 0 + 0 + 268 435 456 + 134 217 728 + 67 108 864 + 33 554 432 + 0 + 0 + 4 194 304 + 0 + 1 048 576 + 0 + 262 144 + 0 + 65 536 + 0 + 16 384 + 8 192 + 4 096 + 0 + 1 024 + 0 + 256 + 0 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1)(10) =
(4 611 686 018 427 387 904 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 576 460 752 303 423 488 + 288 230 376 151 711 744 + 72 057 594 037 927 936 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 562 949 953 421 312 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 17 592 186 044 416 + 4 398 046 511 104 + 1 099 511 627 776 + 274 877 906 944 + 68 719 476 736 + 34 359 738 368 + 8 589 934 592 + 2 147 483 648 + 268 435 456 + 134 217 728 + 67 108 864 + 33 554 432 + 4 194 304 + 1 048 576 + 262 144 + 65 536 + 16 384 + 8 192 + 4 096 + 1 024 + 256 + 64 + 32 + 4 + 1)(10) =
9 068 936 122 332 444 005(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
0111 1101 1101 1011 0101 0101 0101 1010 1001 1110 0101 0101 0111 0101 0110 0101(2) = 9 068 936 122 332 444 005(10)
The number 0111 1101 1101 1011 0101 0101 0101 1010 1001 1110 0101 0101 0111 0101 0110 0101(2), signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation, converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
0111 1101 1101 1011 0101 0101 0101 1010 1001 1110 0101 0101 0111 0101 0110 0101(2) = 9 068 936 122 332 444 005(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.