What are the steps to convert
1 - 100 0001 1000 - 1101 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010, a 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard to decimal?
1. Identify the elements that make up the binary representation of the number:
The first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign,
1 = negative, 0 = positive.
1
The next 11 bits contain the exponent:
100 0001 1000
The last 52 bits contain the mantissa:
1101 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010
2. Convert the exponent from binary (from base 2) to decimal (in base 10).
The exponent is allways a positive integer.
100 0001 1000(2) =
1 × 210 + 0 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 0 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 0 × 20 =
1,024 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 0 =
1,024 + 16 + 8 =
1,048(10)
3. Adjust the exponent.
Subtract the excess bits: 2(11 - 1) - 1 = 1023,
that is due to the 11 bit excess/bias notation.
The exponent, adjusted = 1,048 - 1023 = 25
4. Convert the mantissa from binary (from base 2) to decimal (in base 10).
The mantissa represents the fractional part of the number (what comes after the whole part of the number, separated from it by a comma).
1101 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010(2) =
1 × 2-1 + 1 × 2-2 + 0 × 2-3 + 1 × 2-4 + 1 × 2-5 + 0 × 2-6 + 0 × 2-7 + 0 × 2-8 + 0 × 2-9 + 0 × 2-10 + 0 × 2-11 + 0 × 2-12 + 0 × 2-13 + 0 × 2-14 + 0 × 2-15 + 0 × 2-16 + 0 × 2-17 + 0 × 2-18 + 0 × 2-19 + 0 × 2-20 + 0 × 2-21 + 0 × 2-22 + 0 × 2-23 + 0 × 2-24 + 0 × 2-25 + 0 × 2-26 + 0 × 2-27 + 0 × 2-28 + 0 × 2-29 + 0 × 2-30 + 0 × 2-31 + 0 × 2-32 + 0 × 2-33 + 0 × 2-34 + 0 × 2-35 + 0 × 2-36 + 0 × 2-37 + 0 × 2-38 + 0 × 2-39 + 0 × 2-40 + 0 × 2-41 + 0 × 2-42 + 0 × 2-43 + 0 × 2-44 + 0 × 2-45 + 0 × 2-46 + 0 × 2-47 + 0 × 2-48 + 0 × 2-49 + 0 × 2-50 + 1 × 2-51 + 0 × 2-52 =
0.5 + 0.25 + 0 + 0.062 5 + 0.031 25 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 444 089 209 850 062 616 169 452 667 236 328 125 + 0 =
0.5 + 0.25 + 0.062 5 + 0.031 25 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 444 089 209 850 062 616 169 452 667 236 328 125 =
0.843 750 000 000 000 444 089 209 850 062 616 169 452 667 236 328 125(10)
= -61 865 984.000 000 014 901 161 193 847 656 25
1 - 100 0001 1000 - 1101 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010, a 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard to a decimal number, written in base ten (double) = -61 865 984.000 000 014 901 161 193 847 656 25(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.