What are the steps to convert
0 - 000 0000 0000 - 0000 0000 0000 0000 0110 0010 0011 0001 1000 0000 0000 0001 1010, a 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard to decimal?
1. Identify the elements that make up the binary representation of the number:
The first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign,
1 = negative, 0 = positive.
0
The next 11 bits contain the exponent:
000 0000 0000
The last 52 bits contain the mantissa:
0000 0000 0000 0000 0110 0010 0011 0001 1000 0000 0000 0001 1010
2. Reserved bitpattern.
Notice that all the bits that make up the exponent are on 0 (clear) and at least one bit of the mantissa is set on 1 (set).
This is one of the reserved bitpatterns of the special values of: Denormalized.
Denormalized numbers are too small to be correctly represented so they approximate to zero.
Depending on the sign bit, -0 and +0 are two distinct values though they both compare as equal (0).
3. Convert the exponent from binary (from base 2) to decimal (in base 10).
The exponent is allways a positive integer.
000 0000 0000(2) =
0 × 210 + 0 × 29 + 0 × 28 + 0 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 0 × 20 =
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 =
0(10)
4. Adjust the exponent.
Subtract the excess bits: 2(11 - 1) - 1 = 1023,
that is due to the 11 bit excess/bias notation.
The exponent, adjusted = 0 - 1023 = -1023
5. Convert the mantissa from binary (from base 2) to decimal (in base 10).
The mantissa represents the fractional part of the number (what comes after the whole part of the number, separated from it by a comma).
0000 0000 0000 0000 0110 0010 0011 0001 1000 0000 0000 0001 1010(2) =
0 × 2-1 + 0 × 2-2 + 0 × 2-3 + 0 × 2-4 + 0 × 2-5 + 0 × 2-6 + 0 × 2-7 + 0 × 2-8 + 0 × 2-9 + 0 × 2-10 + 0 × 2-11 + 0 × 2-12 + 0 × 2-13 + 0 × 2-14 + 0 × 2-15 + 0 × 2-16 + 0 × 2-17 + 1 × 2-18 + 1 × 2-19 + 0 × 2-20 + 0 × 2-21 + 0 × 2-22 + 1 × 2-23 + 0 × 2-24 + 0 × 2-25 + 0 × 2-26 + 1 × 2-27 + 1 × 2-28 + 0 × 2-29 + 0 × 2-30 + 0 × 2-31 + 1 × 2-32 + 1 × 2-33 + 0 × 2-34 + 0 × 2-35 + 0 × 2-36 + 0 × 2-37 + 0 × 2-38 + 0 × 2-39 + 0 × 2-40 + 0 × 2-41 + 0 × 2-42 + 0 × 2-43 + 0 × 2-44 + 0 × 2-45 + 0 × 2-46 + 0 × 2-47 + 1 × 2-48 + 1 × 2-49 + 0 × 2-50 + 1 × 2-51 + 0 × 2-52 =
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 003 814 697 265 625 + 0.000 001 907 348 632 812 5 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 000 119 209 289 550 781 25 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 000 007 450 580 596 923 828 125 + 0.000 000 003 725 290 298 461 914 062 5 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 000 000 232 830 643 653 869 628 906 25 + 0.000 000 000 116 415 321 826 934 814 453 125 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 003 552 713 678 800 500 929 355 621 337 890 625 + 0.000 000 000 000 001 776 356 839 400 250 464 677 810 668 945 312 5 + 0 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 444 089 209 850 062 616 169 452 667 236 328 125 + 0 =
0.000 003 814 697 265 625 + 0.000 001 907 348 632 812 5 + 0.000 000 119 209 289 550 781 25 + 0.000 000 007 450 580 596 923 828 125 + 0.000 000 003 725 290 298 461 914 062 5 + 0.000 000 000 232 830 643 653 869 628 906 25 + 0.000 000 000 116 415 321 826 934 814 453 125 + 0.000 000 000 000 003 552 713 678 800 500 929 355 621 337 890 625 + 0.000 000 000 000 001 776 356 839 400 250 464 677 810 668 945 312 5 + 0.000 000 000 000 000 444 089 209 850 062 616 169 452 667 236 328 125 =
0.000 005 852 780 310 622 307 524 681 673 385 202 884 674 072 265 625(10)
= 0
0 - 000 0000 0000 - 0000 0000 0000 0000 0110 0010 0011 0001 1000 0000 0000 0001 1010, a 64 bit double precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard to a decimal number, written in base ten (double) = 0(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.