1 - 1000 0110 - 101 0101 0010 0000 0100 0010 32 Bit Single Precision IEEE 754 Binary Floating Point Representation Standard Converted to Decimal

1 - 1000 0110 - 101 0101 0010 0000 0100 0010: 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard converted to decimal

What are the steps to convert
1 - 1000 0110 - 101 0101 0010 0000 0100 0010, a 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard to decimal?

1. Identify the elements that make up the binary representation of the number:

The first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign,
1 = negative, 0 = positive.
1

The next 8 bits contain the exponent:
1000 0110

The last 23 bits contain the mantissa:
101 0101 0010 0000 0100 0010


2. Convert the exponent from binary (from base 2) to decimal (in base 10).

The exponent is allways a positive integer.

1000 0110(2) =

1 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20 =

128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 =

128 + 4 + 2 =

134(10)

3. Adjust the exponent.

Subtract the excess bits: 2(8 - 1) - 1 = 127,

that is due to the 8 bit excess/bias notation.

The exponent, adjusted = 134 - 127 = 7


4. Convert the mantissa from binary (from base 2) to decimal (in base 10).

The mantissa represents the fractional part of the number (what comes after the whole part of the number, separated from it by a comma).


101 0101 0010 0000 0100 0010(2) =

1 × 2-1 + 0 × 2-2 + 1 × 2-3 + 0 × 2-4 + 1 × 2-5 + 0 × 2-6 + 1 × 2-7 + 0 × 2-8 + 0 × 2-9 + 1 × 2-10 + 0 × 2-11 + 0 × 2-12 + 0 × 2-13 + 0 × 2-14 + 0 × 2-15 + 0 × 2-16 + 1 × 2-17 + 0 × 2-18 + 0 × 2-19 + 0 × 2-20 + 0 × 2-21 + 1 × 2-22 + 0 × 2-23 =

0.5 + 0 + 0.125 + 0 + 0.031 25 + 0 + 0.007 812 5 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 976 562 5 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 007 629 394 531 25 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 000 238 418 579 101 562 5 + 0 =

0.5 + 0.125 + 0.031 25 + 0.007 812 5 + 0.000 976 562 5 + 0.000 007 629 394 531 25 + 0.000 000 238 418 579 101 562 5 =

0.665 046 930 313 110 351 562 5(10)

5. Put all the numbers into expression to calculate the single precision floating point decimal value:

(-1)Sign × (1 + Mantissa) × 2(Adjusted exponent) =

(-1)1 × (1 + 0.665 046 930 313 110 351 562 5) × 27 =

-1.665 046 930 313 110 351 562 5 × 27 = ...

= -213.126 007 080 078 125

1 - 1000 0110 - 101 0101 0010 0000 0100 0010, a 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation standard to a decimal number, written in base ten (float) = -213.126 007 080 078 125(10)

Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.

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How to convert 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point standard numbers to decimal system in base 10

Follow the steps below to convert a number from 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation to base 10 decimal system:

  • 1. Identify the three elements that make up the binary representation of the number:
    First bit (leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = pozitive.
    The next 8 bits contain the exponent.
    The last 23 bits contain the mantissa.
  • 2. Convert the exponent, that is allways a positive integer, from binary (base 2) to decimal (base 10).
  • 3. Adjust the exponent, subtract the excess bits, 2(8 - 1) - 1 = 127, that is due to the 8 bit excess/bias notation.
  • 4. Convert the mantissa, that represents the number's fractional part (the excess beyond the number's integer part, comma delimited), from binary (base 2) to decimal (base 10).
  • 5. Put all the numbers into expression to calculate the single precision floating point decimal value:
    (-1)Sign × (1 + Mantissa) × 2(Exponent adjusted)

Example: convert the number 1 - 1000 0001 - 100 0001 0000 0010 0000 0000 from 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point system to base 10 decimal system (float):

  • 1. Identify the elements that make up the binary representation of the number:
    First bit (leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = pozitive.
    The next 8 bits contain the exponent: 1000 0001
    The last 23 bits contain the mantissa: 100 0001 0000 0010 0000 0000
  • 2. Convert the exponent, that is allways a positive integer, from binary (base 2) to decimal (base 10):
    1000 0001(2) =
    1 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 0 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20 =
    128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 =
    128 + 1 =
    129(10)
  • 3. Adjust the exponent, subtract the excess bits, 2(8 - 1) - 1 = 127, that is due to the 8 bit excess/bias notation:
    Exponent adjusted = 129 - 127 = 2
  • 4. Convert the mantissa, that represents the number's fractional part (the excess beyond the number's integer part, comma delimited), from binary (base 2) to decimal (base 10):
    100 0001 0000 0010 0000 0000(2) =
    1 × 2-1 + 0 × 2-2 + 0 × 2-3 + 0 × 2-4 + 0 × 2-5 + 0 × 2-6 + 1 × 2-7 + 0 × 2-8 + 0 × 2-9 + 0 × 2-10 + 0 × 2-11 + 0 × 2-12 + 0 × 2-13 + 1 × 2-14 + 0 × 2-15 + 0 × 2-16 + 0 × 2-17 + 0 × 2-18 + 0 × 2-19 + 0 × 2-20 + 0 × 2-21 + 0 × 2-22 + 0 × 2-23 =
    0.5 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.007 812 5 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0.000 061 035 156 25 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 =
    0.5 + 0.007 812 5 + 0.000 061 035 156 25 =
    0.507 873 535 156 25(10)
  • 5. Put all the numbers into expression to calculate the single precision floating point decimal value:
    (-1)Sign × (1 + Mantissa) × 2(Exponent adjusted) =
    (-1)1 × (1 + 0.507 873 535 156 25) × 22 =
    -1.507 873 535 156 25 × 22 =
    -6.031 494 140 625

  • 1 - 1000 0001 - 100 0001 0000 0010 0000 0000 converted from 32 bit single precision IEEE 754 binary floating point representation to decimal number (float) in decimal system (in base 10) = -6.031 494 140 625(10)