In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative *
Note on binary subtraction rules:
11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
1011 0011 - 1 = 1011 0010
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative *
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
!(1011 0010) = 0100 1101
The signed binary number in two's complement representation 1011 0011(2) converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
1011 0011(2) = -77(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.