What are the steps to convert the signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation to an integer in decimal system (in base ten)?
1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
1000 1111 0000 0010 1011 1101 1010 1011 1111 1101 0100 0101 0101 0000 0100 0111 is the binary representation of a negative integer, on 64 bits (8 Bytes).
- In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
- Note on binary subtraction rules:
- 11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 01; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
1000 1111 0000 0010 1011 1101 1010 1011 1111 1101 0100 0101 0101 0000 0100 0111 - 1 = 1000 1111 0000 0010 1011 1101 1010 1011 1111 1101 0100 0101 0101 0000 0100 0110
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
!(1000 1111 0000 0010 1011 1101 1010 1011 1111 1101 0100 0101 0101 0000 0100 0110) = 0111 0000 1111 1101 0100 0010 0101 0100 0000 0010 1011 1010 1010 1111 1011 1001
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
263
0 262
1 261
1 260
1 259
0 258
0 257
0 256
0 255
1 254
1 253
1 252
1 251
1 250
1 249
0 248
1 247
0 246
1 245
0 244
0 243
0 242
0 241
1 240
0 239
0 238
1 237
0 236
1 235
0 234
1 233
0 232
0 231
0 230
0 229
0 228
0 227
0 226
0 225
1 224
0 223
1 222
0 221
1 220
1 219
1 218
0 217
1 216
0 215
1 214
0 213
1 212
0 211
1 210
1 29
1 28
1 27
1 26
0 25
1 24
1 23
1 22
0 21
0 20
1
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0111 0000 1111 1101 0100 0010 0101 0100 0000 0010 1011 1010 1010 1111 1011 1001(2) =
(0 × 263 + 1 × 262 + 1 × 261 + 1 × 260 + 0 × 259 + 0 × 258 + 0 × 257 + 0 × 256 + 1 × 255 + 1 × 254 + 1 × 253 + 1 × 252 + 1 × 251 + 1 × 250 + 0 × 249 + 1 × 248 + 0 × 247 + 1 × 246 + 0 × 245 + 0 × 244 + 0 × 243 + 0 × 242 + 1 × 241 + 0 × 240 + 0 × 239 + 1 × 238 + 0 × 237 + 1 × 236 + 0 × 235 + 1 × 234 + 0 × 233 + 0 × 232 + 0 × 231 + 0 × 230 + 0 × 229 + 0 × 228 + 0 × 227 + 0 × 226 + 1 × 225 + 0 × 224 + 1 × 223 + 0 × 222 + 1 × 221 + 1 × 220 + 1 × 219 + 0 × 218 + 1 × 217 + 0 × 216 + 1 × 215 + 0 × 214 + 1 × 213 + 0 × 212 + 1 × 211 + 1 × 210 + 1 × 29 + 1 × 28 + 1 × 27 + 0 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 1 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 4 611 686 018 427 387 904 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 9 007 199 254 740 992 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 0 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 0 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 0 + 0 + 274 877 906 944 + 0 + 68 719 476 736 + 0 + 17 179 869 184 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 33 554 432 + 0 + 8 388 608 + 0 + 2 097 152 + 1 048 576 + 524 288 + 0 + 131 072 + 0 + 32 768 + 0 + 8 192 + 0 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1)(10) =
(4 611 686 018 427 387 904 + 2 305 843 009 213 693 952 + 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 + 36 028 797 018 963 968 + 18 014 398 509 481 984 + 9 007 199 254 740 992 + 4 503 599 627 370 496 + 2 251 799 813 685 248 + 1 125 899 906 842 624 + 281 474 976 710 656 + 70 368 744 177 664 + 2 199 023 255 552 + 274 877 906 944 + 68 719 476 736 + 17 179 869 184 + 33 554 432 + 8 388 608 + 2 097 152 + 1 048 576 + 524 288 + 131 072 + 32 768 + 8 192 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 1)(10) =
8 141 736 629 946 199 993(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
1000 1111 0000 0010 1011 1101 1010 1011 1111 1101 0100 0101 0101 0000 0100 0111(2) = -8 141 736 629 946 199 993(10)
The number 1000 1111 0000 0010 1011 1101 1010 1011 1111 1101 0100 0101 0101 0000 0100 0111(2), signed binary in two's (2's) complement representation, converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
1000 1111 0000 0010 1011 1101 1010 1011 1111 1101 0100 0101 0101 0000 0100 0111(2) = -8 141 736 629 946 199 993(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.