1. Is this a positive or a negative number?
0011 1111 1110 1110 is the binary representation of a positive integer, on 16 bits (2 Bytes).
In a signed binary in two's complement representation, the first bit (the leftmost) indicates the sign, 1 = negative, 0 = positive.
2. Get the binary representation in one's complement.
* Run this step only if the number is negative *
Note on binary subtraction rules:
11 - 1 = 10; 10 - 1 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; 1 - 1 = 0.
Subtract 1 from the initial binary number.
* Not the case - the number is positive *
3. Get the binary representation of the positive (unsigned) number.
* Run this step only if the number is negative *
Flip all the bits of the signed binary in one's complement representation (reverse the digits) - replace the bits set on 1 with 0s and the bits on 0 with 1s:
* Not the case - the number is positive *
4. Map the unsigned binary number's digits versus the corresponding powers of 2 that their place value represent:
215
0 214
0 213
1 212
1 211
1 210
1 29
1 28
1 27
1 26
1 25
1 24
0 23
1 22
1 21
1 20
0
5. Multiply each bit by its corresponding power of 2 and add all the terms up.
0011 1111 1110 1110(2) =
(0 × 215 + 0 × 214 + 1 × 213 + 1 × 212 + 1 × 211 + 1 × 210 + 1 × 29 + 1 × 28 + 1 × 27 + 1 × 26 + 1 × 25 + 0 × 24 + 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20)(10) =
(0 + 0 + 8 192 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0)(10) =
(8 192 + 4 096 + 2 048 + 1 024 + 512 + 256 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 2)(10) =
16 366(10)
6. If needed, adjust the sign of the integer number by the first digit (leftmost) of the signed binary:
0011 1111 1110 1110(2) = 16 366(10)
The signed binary number in two's complement representation 0011 1111 1110 1110(2) converted and written as an integer in decimal system (base ten):
0011 1111 1110 1110(2) = 16 366(10)
Spaces were used to group digits: for binary, by 4, for decimal, by 3.